Abstract
This chapter looks at two influential theoretical frameworks. The first, “formation processes,” states that every archaeological feature, including a Roman toilet, is associated with human behaviors and activities that determine its construction, use, and abandonment. The second, called “social theory of architectural design,” aims to unravel the human decisions and actions leading to the creation of an archaeological feature. Such anthropological theories, which helped create sounder interpretations of nineteenth-century privies, must be applied to Roman toilets and sewers. While the builders of early Roman public latrines, sewers, and water-supply systems in Italy had little or no understanding of any “ideal” for public sanitation, investigation of sanitary installations and water systems has much to tell about the experience of Roman daily life.
