Abstract
Motion sickness can be evoked by nearly all forms of transport including automobiles, ships, trains, spacecraft, as well as by virtual reality systems (cybersickness) and optokinetic stimulation. The introduction of autonomous cars and aircraft and of space tourism will be additional ways of inducing motion sickness. Great progress has been made recently in understanding the neural mechanisms underlying the evocation of motion sickness. Motion sickness encompasses many factors that impair performance and the sense of well-being besides nausea and vomiting. Sex differences in susceptibility are minimal in experimental evaluations.