Abstract
This chapter explores Roman toilets and assesses basic facts about their use and function during earlier times, relying strictly on archaeological observation and literary references. Combining the archaeology of Roman toilets with literary references regarding matters of sanitation provides sufficient information for assumptions about how Romans used their toilets and even what rituals of hygiene they followed. The chapter states that the driving force behind the construction of the fancier latrine architecture of the second century AD did not result from the social forces outlined in writings that favor regimentation to promote order. Rather, it was a natural progression from much older Roman cultural notions combined with the more effective usage of water to remove dirt.