Abstract
Building upon Farrell's (1957) early work on productive efficiency, Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes in 1978 introduced the data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology that was based on a linear programming approach. The ensuing period of over 45 years has yielded an enormous amount of scholarly work and practical application of DEA across an array of industries, government agencies, and non-profit organizations (Cook & Seiford, 2009; Panwar et al., 2022).