Abstract
Immigrant adaptation refers to the processes by which newcomers adjust and integrate socially, economically, and politically within a new host society. Factors such as ethnicity, race, gender, education level, marketable skills, religious affiliation, and language competency may impact the ease with which immigrants adjust to a new cultural and social system. Host society responses to newcomers, including a nation's willingness and ability to offer citizenship, jobs, education, housing, and political agency, are important aspects of the immigrant integration dynamic. Additionally, the push and pull factors propelling immigration play a role in immigrant adjustment to a new locale. Terms such as assimilation, acculturation, incorporation, and integration have been used to describe differing ways newcomers adjust to and are absorbed within a nation's economy, political system, and social sphere.