Abstract
如果说中国现代性呈现为“短二十世纪”和“漫长革命”的激烈淬炼，那 么，这其中的旅行书写就构成了乌托邦地缘政治想象谱系和历史体验 的流动诗学，有待更充分的关注。本文是我对中国革命旅行书写的研 究的一部分，聚焦于二十世纪四十年代中国文化政治“天地玄黄”中被 忽略的一环，即文化人的苏联旅行及游记。郭沫若的《苏联纪行》（1946） 和茅盾的《苏联见闻录》（1948）无疑是这方面至为重要的两部作品。 本文的讨论以郭著为中心，首先呈现郭沫若1945 年出访苏联所表征的 特殊历史时空构造，由此提出，他的旅行书写不期然间成就了一次对 二战结束之际整个全球态势动力场的私人化速写，充满了地缘政治想 象和人民民主的思考。郭沫若的乌托邦描写说明对苏联模式的接受制 约了左翼文化人对社会主义的想象，但也隐含着中国主体性和苏联道 路的拉锯。在这份看似简单、随意的旅行书写中，不仅有苏联、中国、 美国、日本、英国的问题交织，而且个人情怀、战争进程、计划经济、 政治民主、文化事业、国族历史等各方面环环相扣，又矛盾重重，最终 形成了动态的不确定格局。“观光”涉及到对世界的再想象，对文化、政 治和社会变革道路的再理解，对自我、国族和国际关系的批判性反思。 就这一个案而言，旅行及其文学的文化政治开放性和历史限度表露无 遗。
If twentieth-century Chinese culture can be seen as an intensification of a “short century” and a “long revolution,” then travel writing constituted a poetics of mobility in its genealogy of utopian geopolitical imaginations. This article focuses on Chinese writers’ visits to the Soviet Union in the 1940s, especially Guo Moruo’s tour (1945) and his writing of Sulian jixing (Travelogue of the Soviet Union, 1946). The revolutionary-romantic poet and historian Guo Moruo’s visit on the invitation of the USSR Academy of Sciences overlapped with the defeat of imperial Japan by the Allies, whereas novelist Mao Dun’s trip (1947) was accompanied by the escalation of the civil war back in China. Both leftist writers used their travel writings to intervene into the ongoing post-war debates about people’s democracy, the Stalinist model, and the looming Cold War. Their admiration of the Soviet accomplishments was formulated as a self-conscious defense of the socialist path, as the victory over fascism made Stalinism a realistic alternative to capitalist imperialism. But while their socialist imaginaries were shaped by Stalinism, both writers’ travel writings refused to see this model as the only approach of revolution and even contained implicit observations of the potential shortcomings of the Soviet model. My case study of Guo’s travel writing thus shows the complexity of Chinese leftism as an open-ended historical praxis and global geopolitical remapping.