A Search for Pulsars around Sgr A in the First Event Horizon Telescope Data Set

Pablo Torne; Kuo Liu; Ralph Eatough; Jompoj Wongphechauxsorn; James Cordes; Gregory Desvignes; Mariafelicia De Laurentis; Michael Kramer; Scott Ransom; Shami Chatterjee; Robert Wharton; Ramesh Karuppusamy; Lindy Blackburn; Michael Janssen; Chan Chi-kwan; B Geoffrey; Lynn Matthews; Ciriaco Goddi; Helge Rottmann; Jan Wagner; Salvador Sánchez; Ignacio Ruiz; Federico Abbate; Geoffrey Bower; Juan Salamanca; Arturo Gómez-Ruiz; Alfredo Herrera-Aguilar; Jiang Wu; Lu Ru-Sen; Ue-Li Pen; Alexander Raymond; Lijing Shao; Zhiqiang Shen; Gabriel Paubert; Miguel Sanchez-Portal; Carsten Kramer; Manuel Castillo; Santiago Navarro; John David; Karl-Friedrich Schuster; Michael Johnson; Kazi Rygl; Kazunori Akiyama; Antxon Alberdi; Walter Alef; Juan Algaba; Richard Anantua; Keiichi Asada; Rebecca Azulay; Uwe Bach; Anne-Kathrin Baczko; David Ball; Mislav Baloković; John Barrett; Michi Bauböck; Bradford Benson; Dan Bintley; Raymond Blundell; Katherine Bouman; Hope Boyce; Michael Bremer; Christiaan Brinkerink; Roger Brissenden; Silke Britzen; Avery Broderick; Dominique Broguiere; Thomas Bronzwaer; Sandra Bustamante; Byun Do-Young; John Carlstrom; Chiara Ceccobello; Andrew Chael; Dominic Chang; Koushik Chatterjee; Chen Ming-Tang; Yongjun Chen; Xiaopeng Cheng; Ilje Cho; Pierre Christian; Nicholas Conroy; John Conway; Thomas Crawford; Alejandro Cruz-Osorio; Yuzhu Cui; Rohan Dahale; Jordy Davelaar; Roger Deane; Jessica Dempsey; Jason Dexter; Vedant Dhruv; Sheperd Doeleman; Sean Dougal; Sergio Dzib; Razieh Emami; Heino Falcke; Joseph Farah; Vincent Fish; Ed Fomalont; H Ford; Marianna Foschi; Raquel Fraga-Encinas; William Freeman; Per Friberg; Christian Fromm; Antonio Fuentes; Peter Galison; Charles Gammie; Roberto García; Olivier Gentaz; Boris Georgiev; Roman Gold; José Gómez; Minfeng Gu; Mark Gurwell; Kazuhiro Hada; Daryl Haggard; Kari Haworth; Michael Hecht; Ronald Hesper; Dirk Heumann; Luis Ho; Paul Ho; Mareki Honma; Chih-Wei Huang; Lei Huang; David Hughes; Shiro Ikeda; C Violette Impellizzeri; Makoto Inoue; Sara Issaoun; David James; Buell Jannuzi; Britton Jeter; Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales; Svetlana Jorstad; Abhishek Joshi; Taehyun Jung; Mansour Karami; Tomohisa Kawashima; Garrett Keating; Mark Kettenis; Kim Dong-Jin; Kim Jae-Young; Jongsoo Kim; Junhan Kim; Motoki Kino; Jun Yi Koay; Prashant Kocherlakota; Yutaro Kofuji; Shoko Koyama; Thomas Krichbaum; Kuo Cheng-Yu; Noemi La Bella; Tod Lauer; Daeyoung Lee; Lee Sang-Sung; Po Leung; Aviad Levis; Zhiyuan Li; Rocco Lico; Greg Lindahl; Michael Lindqvist; Mikhail Lisakov; Jun Liu; Elisabetta Liuzzo; Wen-Ping Lo; Andrei Lobanov; Laurent Loinard; Colin Lonsdale; Nicholas MacDonald; Jirong Mao; Nicola Marchili; Sera Markoff; Daniel Marrone; Alan Marscher; Iván Martí-Vidal; Satoki Matsushita; Lia Medeiros; Karl Menten; Daniel Michalik; Izumi Mizuno; Yosuke Mizuno; James Moran; Kotaro Moriyama; Monika Moscibrodzka; Cornelia Müller; Hendrik Müller; Alejandro Mus; Gibwa Musoke; Ioannis Myserlis; Andrew Nadolski; Hiroshi Nagai; Neil Nagar; Masanori Nakamura; Ramesh Narayan; Gopal Narayanan; Iniyan Natarajan; Antonios Nathanail; Joey Neilsen; Roberto Neri; Chunchong Ni; Aristeidis Noutsos; Michael Nowak; Junghwan Oh; Hiroki Okino; Héctor Olivares; Gisela Ortiz-León; Tomoaki Oyama; Feryal Özel; Daniel Palumbo; Georgios Filippos Paraschos; Jongho Park; Harriet Parsons; Nimesh Patel; Dominic Pesce; Vincent Piétu; Richard Plambeck; Aleksandar PopStefanija; Oliver Porth; Felix Pötzl; Ben Prather; Jorge Preciado-López; Dimitrios Psaltis; Pu Hung-Yi; Venkatessh Ramakrishnan; Ramprasad Rao; Mark Rawlings; Luciano Rezzolla; Angelo Ricarte; Bart Ripperda; Freek Roelofs; Alan Rogers; Eduardo Ros; Cristina Romero-Cañizales; Arash Roshanineshat; Alan Roy; Chet Ruszczyk; David Sánchez-Argüelles; Mahito Sasada; Kaushik Satapathy; Tuomas Savolainen; F Schloerb; Jonathan Schonfeld; Des Small; Bong Sohn; Jason SooHoo; Kamal Souccar; He Sun; Alexandra Tetarenko; Paul Tiede; Remo Tilanus; Michael Titus; Teresa Toscano; Efthalia Traianou; Trent Tyler; Sascha Trippe; Matthew Turk; Ilse van Bemmel; Huib van Langevelde; Daniel van Rossum; Jesse Vos; Derek Ward-Thompson; Jonathan Weintroub; Norbert Wex; Maciek Wielgus; Kaj Wiik; Gunther Witzel; Michael Wondrak; George Wong; Qingwen Wu; Nitika Yadlapalli; Paul Yamaguchi; Aristomenis Yfantis; Doosoo Yoon; André Young; Ken Young; Ziri Younsi; Wei Yu; Feng Yuan; Yuan Ye-Fei; J Anton Zensus; Shuo Zhang; Guang-Yao Zhao; Zhao Shan-Shan; John F. Wardle

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acf4f2

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A Search for Pulsars around Sgr A in the First Event Horizon Telescope Data Set

Journal article

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Peer reviewed

A Search for Pulsars around Sgr A in the First Event Horizon Telescope Data Set

Pablo Torne, Kuo Liu, Ralph Eatough, Jompoj Wongphechauxsorn, James Cordes, Gregory Desvignes, Mariafelicia De Laurentis, Michael Kramer, Scott Ransom, Shami Chatterjee, …

The Astrophysical journal, Vol.959(1), p.14

12/01/2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acf4f2

Abstract

Black holes

Datasets

Emission spectra

Emissions

Event horizon

Magnetars

Milky Way

Pulsars

Radio frequency

Radio telescopes

Searching

Supermassive black holes

Wavelengths

Algorithms

Telescopes

In 2017 the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), at a frequency of 228.1 GHz (λ = 1.3 mm). The fundamental physics tests that even a single pulsar orbiting Sgr A* would enable motivate searching for pulsars in EHT data sets. The high observing frequency means that pulsars—which typically exhibit steep emission spectra—are expected to be very faint. However, it also negates pulse scattering, an effect that could hinder pulsar detections in the Galactic center. Additionally, magnetars or a secondary inverse Compton emission could be stronger at millimeter wavelengths than at lower frequencies. We present a search for pulsars close to Sgr A* using the data from the three most sensitive stations in the EHT 2017 campaign: the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, the Large Millimeter Telescope, and the IRAM 30 m Telescope. We apply three detection methods based on Fourier-domain analysis, the fast folding algorithm, and single-pulse searches targeting both pulsars and burst-like transient emission. We use the simultaneity of the observations to confirm potential candidates. No new pulsars or significant bursts were found. Being the first pulsar search ever carried out at such high radio frequencies, we detail our analysis methods and give a detailed estimation of the sensitivity of the search. We conclude that the EHT 2017 observations are only sensitive to a small fraction (≲2.2%) of the pulsars that may exist close to Sgr A*, motivating further searches for fainter pulsars in the region.

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Title: A Search for Pulsars around Sgr A in the First Event Horizon Telescope Data Set
Creators: Pablo Torne - Instituto de Radioastronomía Milimétrica
Kuo Liu - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Ralph Eatough - National Astronomical Observatories
Jompoj Wongphechauxsorn - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
James Cordes - Cornell University
Gregory Desvignes - Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique
Mariafelicia De Laurentis - Goethe University Frankfurt
Michael Kramer - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Scott Ransom - National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Shami Chatterjee - Cornell University
Robert Wharton - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Ramesh Karuppusamy - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Lindy Blackburn - Harvard University
Michael Janssen - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Chan Chi-kwan
B Geoffrey
Lynn Matthews - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ciriaco Goddi - Universidade de São Paulo
Helge Rottmann - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Jan Wagner - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Salvador Sánchez - Instituto de Radioastronomía Milimétrica
Ignacio Ruiz - Instituto de Radioastronomía Milimétrica
Federico Abbate - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Geoffrey Bower - University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
Juan Salamanca - Universidad de Oviedo
Arturo Gómez-Ruiz - Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías
Alfredo Herrera-Aguilar
Jiang Wu
Lu Ru-Sen
Ue-Li Pen - Perimeter Institute
Alexander Raymond - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Lijing Shao - Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences
Zhiqiang Shen
Gabriel Paubert - Instituto de Radioastronomía Milimétrica
Miguel Sanchez-Portal
Carsten Kramer - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
Manuel Castillo - Instituto de Radioastronomía Milimétrica
Santiago Navarro
John David
Karl-Friedrich Schuster - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
Michael Johnson - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Kazi Rygl
Kazunori Akiyama - Harvard University
Antxon Alberdi - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
Walter Alef - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Juan Algaba - University of Malaya
Richard Anantua - The University of Texas at San Antonio
Keiichi Asada - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
Rebecca Azulay - Universitat de València
Uwe Bach - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Anne-Kathrin Baczko - Chalmers University of Technology
David Ball - University of Arizona
Mislav Baloković - Yale University
John Barrett - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Michi Bauböck - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Bradford Benson - University of Chicago
Dan Bintley - East Asian Observatory
Raymond Blundell - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Katherine Bouman - California Institute of Technology
Hope Boyce - McGill University
Michael Bremer - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
Christiaan Brinkerink - Radboud University Nijmegen
Roger Brissenden - Harvard University
Silke Britzen - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Avery Broderick - Perimeter Institute
Dominique Broguiere - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
Thomas Bronzwaer - Radboud University Nijmegen
Sandra Bustamante - University of Massachusetts Amherst
Byun Do-Young
John Carlstrom - University of Chicago
Chiara Ceccobello - Chalmers University of Technology
Andrew Chael - Princeton University
Dominic Chang - Harvard University
Koushik Chatterjee - Harvard University
Chen Ming-Tang
Yongjun Chen
Xiaopeng Cheng - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Ilje Cho - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
Pierre Christian - Fairfield University
Nicholas Conroy - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
John Conway - Chalmers University of Technology
Thomas Crawford - University of Chicago
Alejandro Cruz-Osorio - Goethe University Frankfurt
Yuzhu Cui
Rohan Dahale - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
Jordy Davelaar - Radboud University Nijmegen
Roger Deane - University of Pretoria
Jessica Dempsey - East Asian Observatory
Jason Dexter - Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics
Vedant Dhruv - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Sheperd Doeleman - Harvard University
Sean Dougal - University of Arizona
Sergio Dzib - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Razieh Emami - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Heino Falcke - Radboud University Nijmegen
Joseph Farah - Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
Vincent Fish - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ed Fomalont - National Radio Astronomy Observatory
H Ford
Marianna Foschi - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
Raquel Fraga-Encinas - Radboud University Nijmegen
William Freeman - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Per Friberg - East Asian Observatory
Christian Fromm - Goethe University Frankfurt
Antonio Fuentes - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
Peter Galison - Harvard University
Charles Gammie - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Roberto García - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
Olivier Gentaz - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
Boris Georgiev - University of Waterloo
Roman Gold - University of Southern Denmark
José Gómez - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
Minfeng Gu
Mark Gurwell - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Kazuhiro Hada - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Daryl Haggard - McGill University
Kari Haworth - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Michael Hecht - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ronald Hesper - University of Groningen
Dirk Heumann - University of Arizona
Luis Ho
Paul Ho
Mareki Honma - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Chih-Wei Huang - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
Lei Huang
David Hughes - National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics
Shiro Ikeda - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
C Violette Impellizzeri
Makoto Inoue - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
Sara Issaoun - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
David James - Whale Center of New England
Buell Jannuzi - University of Arizona
Britton Jeter - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales - Radboud University Nijmegen
Svetlana Jorstad - Boston University
Abhishek Joshi - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Taehyun Jung - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Mansour Karami - University of Waterloo
Tomohisa Kawashima - The University of Tokyo
Garrett Keating - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Mark Kettenis - Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC
Kim Dong-Jin
Kim Jae-Young
Jongsoo Kim - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Junhan Kim - California Institute of Technology
Motoki Kino - Kogakuin University
Jun Yi Koay - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
Prashant Kocherlakota - Goethe University Frankfurt
Yutaro Kofuji - The University of Tokyo
Shoko Koyama - Niigata University
Thomas Krichbaum - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Kuo Cheng-Yu
Noemi La Bella - Radboud University Nijmegen
Tod Lauer - Kitt Peak National Observatory
Daeyoung Lee - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Lee Sang-Sung
Po Leung - Chinese University of Hong Kong
Aviad Levis - California Institute of Technology
Zhiyuan Li
Rocco Lico - Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
Greg Lindahl - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Michael Lindqvist - Chalmers University of Technology
Mikhail Lisakov - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Jun Liu
Elisabetta Liuzzo - Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
Wen-Ping Lo - National Taiwan University
Andrei Lobanov - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Laurent Loinard - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Colin Lonsdale - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Nicholas MacDonald - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Jirong Mao
Nicola Marchili - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Sera Markoff - University of Amsterdam
Daniel Marrone - University of Arizona
Alan Marscher - Boston University
Iván Martí-Vidal - Parc Científic de la Universitat de València
Satoki Matsushita - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
Lia Medeiros - University of Arizona
Karl Menten - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Daniel Michalik - University of Chicago
Izumi Mizuno - East Asian Observatory
Yosuke Mizuno - Shanghai Jiao Tong University
James Moran - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Kotaro Moriyama - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Monika Moscibrodzka - Radboud University Nijmegen
Cornelia Müller - Radboud University Nijmegen
Hendrik Müller - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Alejandro Mus - Universitat de València
Gibwa Musoke - University of Amsterdam
Ioannis Myserlis - Instituto de Radioastronomía Milimétrica
Andrew Nadolski - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Hiroshi Nagai - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Neil Nagar - University of Concepción
Masanori Nakamura - Hachinohe National College of Technology
Ramesh Narayan - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Gopal Narayanan - University of Massachusetts Amherst
Iniyan Natarajan - Harvard University
Antonios Nathanail - Goethe University Frankfurt
Joey Neilsen - Villanova University
Roberto Neri - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
Chunchong Ni - University of Waterloo
Aristeidis Noutsos - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Michael Nowak - Washington University in St. Louis
Junghwan Oh - Sejong University
Hiroki Okino - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Héctor Olivares - Radboud University Nijmegen
Gisela Ortiz-León - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Tomoaki Oyama - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Feryal Özel - Georgia Institute of Technology
Daniel Palumbo
Georgios Filippos Paraschos - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Jongho Park
Harriet Parsons - East Asian Observatory
Nimesh Patel - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Dominic Pesce - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Vincent Piétu - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
Richard Plambeck - University of California, Berkeley
Aleksandar PopStefanija - University of Massachusetts Amherst
Oliver Porth - University of Amsterdam
Felix Pötzl - Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas
Ben Prather - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Jorge Preciado-López - Perimeter Institute
Dimitrios Psaltis - Georgia Institute of Technology
Pu Hung-Yi
Venkatessh Ramakrishnan - University of Concepción
Ramprasad Rao - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Mark Rawlings - Gemini North Observatory
Luciano Rezzolla - Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies
Angelo Ricarte - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Bart Ripperda - Princeton University
Freek Roelofs - Harvard University
Alan Rogers
Eduardo Ros - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Cristina Romero-Cañizales - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
Arash Roshanineshat - University of Arizona
Alan Roy - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Chet Ruszczyk - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
David Sánchez-Argüelles - National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics
Mahito Sasada - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Kaushik Satapathy - University of Arizona
Tuomas Savolainen - Aalto University
F Schloerb
Jonathan Schonfeld - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Des Small - Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC
Bong Sohn - Yonsei University
Jason SooHoo - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Kamal Souccar - University of Massachusetts Amherst
He Sun
Alexandra Tetarenko - University of Lethbridge
Paul Tiede - Harvard University
Remo Tilanus
Michael Titus - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Teresa Toscano - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
Efthalia Traianou - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Trent Tyler
Sascha Trippe - Seoul National University
Matthew Turk - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Ilse van Bemmel - Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC
Huib van Langevelde - University of New Mexico
Daniel van Rossum - Radboud University Nijmegen
Jesse Vos - Radboud University Nijmegen
Derek Ward-Thompson - University of Central Lancashire
Jonathan Weintroub - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Norbert Wex
Maciek Wielgus - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Kaj Wiik - University of Turku
Gunther Witzel - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Michael Wondrak - Radboud University Nijmegen
George Wong - Princeton University
Qingwen Wu
Nitika Yadlapalli - California Institute of Technology
Paul Yamaguchi - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Aristomenis Yfantis - Radboud University Nijmegen
Doosoo Yoon - University of Amsterdam
André Young - Radboud University Nijmegen
Ken Young - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Ziri Younsi - Goethe University Frankfurt
Wei Yu
Feng Yuan
Yuan Ye-Fei
J Anton Zensus - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Shuo Zhang - Bard College
Guang-Yao Zhao - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
Zhao Shan-Shan
John F. Wardle - Brandeis University, Martin A. Fisher School of Physics
Publication Details: The Astrophysical journal, Vol.959(1), p.14
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Identifiers: 9924311878701921
Academic Unit: Martin A. Fisher School of Physics
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

A Search for Pulsars around Sgr A in the First Event Horizon Telescope Data Set

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