Abstract
Prompted by recent historiographical debates between Polish and German historians over the roles that citizens of countries occupied by or allied with Nazi Germany played in the Holocaust, this chapter explores how Jewish and German historians have written about the complex division of labour between German and local perpetrators. It shows that while Jewish historians—building on their own experiences of persecution—strongly advocated the study of local perpetrators alongside Nazi perpetrators, German historians have long ignored the subject as they focused on German perpetrators, institutions, and sources. Finally it examines how Saul Friedländer’s concept of ‘integrated history’ and the turn to wartime and post-war Jewish sources prepared the ground for a transnational history of the Holocaust that integrates the roles of non-German perpetrators into the historical narrative.