Comparison of Polarized Radiative Transfer Codes Used by the EHT Collaboration

Ben S Prather; Jason Dexter; Monika Moscibrodzka; Hung-Yi Pu; Thomas Bronzwaer; Jordy Davelaar; Ziri Younsi; Charles F Gammie; Roman Gold; George N Wong; Kazunori Akiyama; Antxon Alberdi; Walter Alef; Juan Carlos Algaba; Richard Anantua; Keiichi Asada; Rebecca Azulay; Uwe Bach; Anne-Kathrin Baczko; David Ball; Mislav Baloković; John Barrett; Michi Bauböck; Bradford A Benson; Dan Bintley; Lindy Blackburn; Raymond Blundell; Katherine L Bouman; Geoffrey C Bower; Hope Boyce; Michael Bremer; Christiaan D Brinkerink; Roger Brissenden; Silke Britzen; Avery E Broderick; Dominique Broguiere; Sandra Bustamante; Do-Young Byun; John E Carlstrom; Chiara Ceccobello; Andrew Chael; Chi-kwan Chan; Dominic O Chang; Koushik Chatterjee; Shami Chatterjee; Ming-Tang Chen; Yongjun Chen; Xiaopeng Cheng; Ilje Cho; Pierre Christian; Nicholas S Conroy; John E Conway; James M Cordes; Thomas M Crawford; Geoffrey B Crew; Alejandro Cruz-Osorio; Yuzhu Cui; Mariafelicia De Laurentis; Roger Deane; Jessica Dempsey; Gregory Desvignes; Vedant Dhruv; Sheperd S Doeleman; Sean Dougal; Sergio A Dzib; Ralph P Eatough; Razieh Emami; Heino Falcke; Joseph Farah; Vincent L Fish; Ed Fomalont; H Alyson Ford; Raquel Fraga-Encinas; William T Freeman; Per Friberg; Christian M Fromm; Antonio Fuentes; Peter Galison; Roberto García; Olivier Gentaz; Boris Georgiev; Ciriaco Goddi; Arturo I Gómez-Ruiz; José L Gómez; Minfeng Gu; Mark Gurwell; Kazuhiro Hada; Daryl Haggard; Kari Haworth; Michael H Hecht; Ronald Hesper; Dirk Heumann; Luis C Ho; Paul Ho; Mareki Honma; Chih-Wei L Huang; Lei Huang; David H Hughes; Shiro Ikeda; CM Violette Impellizzeri; Makoto Inoue; Sara Issaoun; David J James; Buell T Jannuzi; Michael Janssen; Britton Jeter; Wu Jiang; Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales; Michael D Johnson; Svetlana Jorstad; Abhishek V Joshi; Taehyun Jung; Mansour Karami; Ramesh Karuppusamy; Tomohisa Kawashima; Garrett K Keating; Mark Kettenis; Dong-Jin Kim; Jae-Young Kim; Jongsoo Kim; Junhan Kim; Motoki Kino; Jun Yi Koay; Prashant Kocherlakota; Yutaro Kofuji; Shoko Koyama; Carsten Kramer; Michael Kramer; Thomas P Krichbaum; Cheng-Yu Kuo; Noemi La Bella; Tod R Lauer; Daeyoung Lee; Sang-Sung Lee; Po Kin Leung; Aviad Levis; Zhiyuan Li; Rocco Lico; Greg Lindahl; Michael Lindqvist; Mikhail Lisakov; Jun Liu; Kuo Liu; Elisabetta Liuzzo; Wen-Ping Lo; Andrei P Lobanov; Laurent Loinard; Colin J Lonsdale; Ru-Sen Lu; Nicholas R MacDonald; Jirong Mao; Nicola Marchili; Sera Markoff; Daniel P Marrone; Alan P Marscher; Iván Martí-Vidal; Satoki Matsushita; Lynn D Matthews; Lia Medeiros; Karl M Menten; Daniel Michalik; Izumi Mizuno; Yosuke Mizuno; James M Moran; Kotaro Moriyama; Cornelia Müller; Alejandro Mus; Gibwa Musoke; Ioannis Myserlis; Andrew Nadolski; Hiroshi Nagai; Neil M Nagar; Masanori Nakamura; Ramesh Narayan; Gopal Narayanan; Iniyan Natarajan; Antonios Nathanail; Santiago Navarro Fuentes; Joey Neilsen; Roberto Neri; Chunchong Ni; Aristeidis Noutsos; Michael A Nowak; Junghwan Oh; Hiroki Okino; Héctor Olivares; Gisela N Ortiz-León; Tomoaki Oyama; Feryal Özel; Daniel CM Palumbo; Georgios Filippos Paraschos; Jongho Park; Harriet Parsons; Nimesh Patel; Ue-Li Pen; Dominic W Pesce; Vincent Piétu; Richard Plambeck; Aleksandar PopStefanija; Oliver Porth; Felix M Pötzl; Jorge A Preciado-López; Dimitrios Psaltis; Venkatessh Ramakrishnan; Ramprasad Rao; Mark G Rawlings; Alexander W Raymond; Luciano Rezzolla; Angelo Ricarte; Bart Ripperda; Freek Roelofs; Alan Rogers; Eduardo Ros; Cristina Romero-Cañizales; Arash Roshanineshat; Helge Rottmann; Alan L Roy; Ignacio Ruiz; Chet Ruszczyk; Kazi LJ Rygl; Salvador Sánchez; David Sánchez-Argüelles; Miguel Sánchez-Portal; Mahito Sasada; Kaushik Satapathy; Tuomas Savolainen; F Peter Schloerb; Jonathan Schonfeld; Karl-Friedrich Schuster; Lijing Shao; Zhiqiang Shen; Des Small; Bong Won Sohn; Jason SooHoo; Kamal Souccar; He Sun; Fumie Tazaki; Alexandra J Tetarenko; Paul Tiede; Remo PJ Tilanus; Michael Titus; Pablo Torne; Efthalia Traianou; Tyler Trent; Sascha Trippe; Matthew Turk; Ilse van Bemmel; Huib Jan van Langevelde; Daniel R van Rossum; Jesse Vos; Jan Wagner; Derek Ward-Thompson; John Wardle; Jonathan Weintroub; Norbert Wex; Robert Wharton; Maciek Wielgus; Kaj Wiik; Gunther Witzel; Michael F Wondrak; Qingwen Wu; Paul Yamaguchi; Aristomenis Yfantis; Doosoo Yoon; André Young; Ken Young; Wei Yu; Feng Yuan; Ye-Fei Yuan; J Anton Zensus; Shuo Zhang; Guang-Yao Zhao; Shan-Shan Zhao

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acc586

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Comparison of Polarized Radiative Transfer Codes Used by the EHT Collaboration

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Comparison of Polarized Radiative Transfer Codes Used by the EHT Collaboration

Ben S Prather, Jason Dexter, Monika Moscibrodzka, Hung-Yi Pu, Thomas Bronzwaer, Jordy Davelaar, Ziri Younsi, Charles F Gammie, Roman Gold, George N Wong, …

The Astrophysical journal, Vol.950(1)

06/08/2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc586

Abstract

Black Holes

Event Horizon Telescope (EHT)

Astrophysics

Interpretation of resolved polarized images of black holes by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) requires predictions of the polarized emission observable by an Earth-based instrument for a particular model of the black hole accretion system. Such predictions are generated by general relativistic radiative transfer (GRRT) codes, which integrate the equations of polarized radiative transfer in curved spacetime. A selection of ray-tracing GRRT codes used within the EHT Collaboration is evaluated for accuracy and consistency in producing a selection of test images, demonstrating that the various methods and implementations of radiative transfer calculations are highly consistent. When imaging an analytic accretion model, we find that all codes produce images similar within a pixel-wise normalized mean squared error (NMSE) of 0.012 in the worst case. When imaging a snapshot from a cell-based magnetohydrodynamic simulation, we find all test images to be similar within NMSEs of 0.02, 0.04, 0.04, and 0.12 in Stokes I, Q, U, and V, respectively. We additionally find the values of several image metrics relevant to published EHT results to be in agreement to much better precision than measurement uncertainties.

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Title: Comparison of Polarized Radiative Transfer Codes Used by the EHT Collaboration
Creators: Ben S Prather
Jason Dexter
Monika Moscibrodzka
Hung-Yi Pu
Thomas Bronzwaer
Jordy Davelaar
Ziri Younsi
Charles F Gammie
Roman Gold
George N Wong
Kazunori Akiyama
Antxon Alberdi
Walter Alef
Juan Carlos Algaba
Richard Anantua
Keiichi Asada
Rebecca Azulay
Uwe Bach
Anne-Kathrin Baczko
David Ball
Mislav Baloković
John Barrett
Michi Bauböck
Bradford A Benson
Dan Bintley
Lindy Blackburn
Raymond Blundell
Katherine L Bouman
Geoffrey C Bower
Hope Boyce
Michael Bremer
Christiaan D Brinkerink
Roger Brissenden
Silke Britzen
Avery E Broderick
Dominique Broguiere
Sandra Bustamante
Do-Young Byun
John E Carlstrom
Chiara Ceccobello
Andrew Chael
Chi-kwan Chan
Dominic O Chang
Koushik Chatterjee
Shami Chatterjee
Ming-Tang Chen
Yongjun Chen
Xiaopeng Cheng
Ilje Cho
Pierre Christian
Nicholas S Conroy
John E Conway
James M Cordes
Thomas M Crawford
Geoffrey B Crew
Alejandro Cruz-Osorio
Yuzhu Cui
Mariafelicia De Laurentis
Roger Deane
Jessica Dempsey
Gregory Desvignes
Vedant Dhruv
Sheperd S Doeleman
Sean Dougal
Sergio A Dzib
Ralph P Eatough
Razieh Emami
Heino Falcke
Joseph Farah
Vincent L Fish
Ed Fomalont
H Alyson Ford
Raquel Fraga-Encinas
William T Freeman
Per Friberg
Christian M Fromm
Antonio Fuentes
Peter Galison
Roberto García
Olivier Gentaz
Boris Georgiev
Ciriaco Goddi
Arturo I Gómez-Ruiz
José L Gómez
Minfeng Gu
Mark Gurwell
Kazuhiro Hada
Daryl Haggard
Kari Haworth
Michael H Hecht
Ronald Hesper
Dirk Heumann
Luis C Ho
Paul Ho
Mareki Honma
Chih-Wei L Huang
Lei Huang
David H Hughes
Shiro Ikeda
CM Violette Impellizzeri
Makoto Inoue
Sara Issaoun
David J James
Buell T Jannuzi
Michael Janssen
Britton Jeter
Wu Jiang
Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales
Michael D Johnson
Svetlana Jorstad
Abhishek V Joshi
Taehyun Jung
Mansour Karami
Ramesh Karuppusamy
Tomohisa Kawashima
Garrett K Keating
Mark Kettenis
Dong-Jin Kim
Jae-Young Kim
Jongsoo Kim
Junhan Kim
Motoki Kino
Jun Yi Koay
Prashant Kocherlakota
Yutaro Kofuji
Shoko Koyama
Carsten Kramer
Michael Kramer
Thomas P Krichbaum
Cheng-Yu Kuo
Noemi La Bella
Tod R Lauer
Daeyoung Lee
Sang-Sung Lee
Po Kin Leung
Aviad Levis
Zhiyuan Li
Rocco Lico
Greg Lindahl
Michael Lindqvist
Mikhail Lisakov
Jun Liu
Kuo Liu
Elisabetta Liuzzo
Wen-Ping Lo
Andrei P Lobanov
Laurent Loinard
Colin J Lonsdale
Ru-Sen Lu
Nicholas R MacDonald
Jirong Mao
Nicola Marchili
Sera Markoff
Daniel P Marrone
Alan P Marscher
Iván Martí-Vidal
Satoki Matsushita
Lynn D Matthews
Lia Medeiros
Karl M Menten
Daniel Michalik
Izumi Mizuno
Yosuke Mizuno
James M Moran
Kotaro Moriyama
Cornelia Müller
Alejandro Mus
Gibwa Musoke
Ioannis Myserlis
Andrew Nadolski
Hiroshi Nagai
Neil M Nagar
Masanori Nakamura
Ramesh Narayan
Gopal Narayanan
Iniyan Natarajan
Antonios Nathanail
Santiago Navarro Fuentes
Joey Neilsen
Roberto Neri
Chunchong Ni
Aristeidis Noutsos
Michael A Nowak
Junghwan Oh
Hiroki Okino
Héctor Olivares
Gisela N Ortiz-León
Tomoaki Oyama
Feryal Özel
Daniel CM Palumbo
Georgios Filippos Paraschos
Jongho Park
Harriet Parsons
Nimesh Patel
Ue-Li Pen
Dominic W Pesce
Vincent Piétu
Richard Plambeck
Aleksandar PopStefanija
Oliver Porth
Felix M Pötzl
Jorge A Preciado-López
Dimitrios Psaltis
Venkatessh Ramakrishnan
Ramprasad Rao
Mark G Rawlings
Alexander W Raymond
Luciano Rezzolla
Angelo Ricarte
Bart Ripperda
Freek Roelofs
Alan Rogers
Eduardo Ros
Cristina Romero-Cañizales
Arash Roshanineshat
Helge Rottmann
Alan L Roy
Ignacio Ruiz
Chet Ruszczyk
Kazi LJ Rygl
Salvador Sánchez
David Sánchez-Argüelles
Miguel Sánchez-Portal
Mahito Sasada
Kaushik Satapathy
Tuomas Savolainen
F Peter Schloerb
Jonathan Schonfeld
Karl-Friedrich Schuster
Lijing Shao
Zhiqiang Shen
Des Small
Bong Won Sohn
Jason SooHoo
Kamal Souccar
He Sun
Fumie Tazaki
Alexandra J Tetarenko
Paul Tiede
Remo PJ Tilanus
Michael Titus
Pablo Torne
Efthalia Traianou
Tyler Trent
Sascha Trippe
Matthew Turk
Ilse van Bemmel
Huib Jan van Langevelde
Daniel R van Rossum
Jesse Vos
Jan Wagner
Derek Ward-Thompson
John Wardle
Jonathan Weintroub
Norbert Wex
Robert Wharton
Maciek Wielgus
Kaj Wiik
Gunther Witzel
Michael F Wondrak
Qingwen Wu
Paul Yamaguchi
Aristomenis Yfantis
Doosoo Yoon
André Young
Ken Young
Wei Yu
Feng Yuan
Ye-Fei Yuan
J Anton Zensus
Shuo Zhang
Guang-Yao Zhao
Shan-Shan Zhao
Publication Details: The Astrophysical journal, Vol.950(1)
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Identifiers: 9924275480701921
Academic Unit: Martin A. Fisher School of Physics
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

Comparison of Polarized Radiative Transfer Codes Used by the EHT Collaboration

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