Abstract
Subcellular compartmentalization is a key feature of eukaryotic cells. Selectively targeting subcellular compartments, though holding many exciting opportunities for biomedicine, remains rather underdeveloped. Self-assembly provides a new way for subcellular targeting. In this mini-review, we briefly introduce the development of supramolecular self-assemblies for targeting the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and cell membranes. We mainly focus on the use of enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA), which spatiotemporally controls the formation of supramolecular assemblies for subcellular targeting and its applications, such as developing cancer therapeutics.