- Title
- First Sagittarius A Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Variability, Morphology, and Black Hole Mass
- Creators
- Event Horizon Telescope CollaborationPeter GalisonKazunori Akiyama - Harvard UniversityAntxon Alberdi - Instituto de Astrofísica de AndalucíaWalter Alef - MaxJuan Carlos Algaba - University of MalayaRichard Anantua - The University of Texas at San AntonioKeiichi Asada - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia SinicaRebecca Azulay - Universitat de ValènciaUwe Bach - MaxAnne-Kathrin Baczko - MaxDavid Ball - University of ArizonaMislav Baloković - Yale UniversityJohn Barrett - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMichi Bauböck - University of Illinois Department of Physics, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USABradford A. Benson - University of ChicagoDan Bintley - James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) , 660 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USALindy Blackburn - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USARaymond Blundell - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAKatherine L. Bouman - California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAGeoffrey C. Bower - University of Hawaiʻi at MānoaHope Boyce - McGill UniversityMichael Bremer - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) , 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38406 Saint Martin d’Hères, FranceChristiaan D. Brinkerink - Radboud University Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsRoger Brissenden - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USASilke Britzen - MaxAvery E. Broderick - University of WaterlooDominique Broguiere - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) , 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38406 Saint Martin d’Hères, FranceThomas Bronzwaer - Radboud University Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsSandra Bustamante - University of Massachusetts Department of Astronomy, Amherst, MA 01003, USADo-Young Byun - University of Science and Technology , Gajeong-ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic Of KoreaJohn E. Carlstrom - University of ChicagoChiara Ceccobello - Chalmers University of TechnologyAndrew Chael - Albert Einstein College of MedicineChi-kwan Chan - University of ArizonaKoushik Chatterjee - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAShami Chatterjee - Cornell UniversityMing-Tang Chen - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia SinicaYongjun Chen - Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of ChinaXiaopeng Cheng - Korea Astronomy and Space Science InstituteIlje Cho - Instituto de Astrofísica de AndalucíaPierre Christian - Fairfield UniversityNicholas S. Conroy - University of Illinois at Urbana ChampaignJohn E. Conway - Chalmers University of TechnologyJames M. Cordes - Cornell UniversityThomas M. Crawford - University of ChicagoGeoffrey B. Crew - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyAlejandro Cruz-Osorio - MaxYuzhu Cui - Graduate University For Advanced StudiesJordy Davelaar - Flatiron Institute Center for Computational Astrophysics, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USAMariafelicia De Laurentis - Compl. Univ. di Monte S. Angelo INFN Sez. di Napoli, Edificio G, Via Cinthia, I-80126, Napoli, ItalyRoger Deane - Rhodes UniversityJessica Dempsey - ASTRON , Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The NetherlandsGregory Desvignes - Université Paris Sciences et LettresJason Dexter - Joint Institute for Laboratory AstrophysicsVedant Dhruv - University of Illinois Department of Physics, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USASheperd S. Doeleman - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USASean Dougal - University of ArizonaSergio A. Dzib - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) , 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38406 Saint Martin d’Hères, FranceRalph P. Eatough - National Astronomical ObservatoriesRazieh Emami - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAHeino Falcke - Radboud University Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsJoseph Farah - University of California Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USAVincent L. Fish - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyEd Fomalont - National Radio Astronomy ObservatoryH. Alyson Ford - University of ArizonaRaquel Fraga-Encinas - Radboud University Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsWilliam T. Freeman - Google Research , 355 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USAPer Friberg - James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) , 660 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USAChristian M. Fromm - FischerAntonio Fuentes - Instituto de Astrofísica de AndalucíaPeter Galison - Harvard UniversityCharles F. Gammie - University of Illinois at Urbana ChampaignRoberto García - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) , 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38406 Saint Martin d’Hères, FranceOlivier Gentaz - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) , 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38406 Saint Martin d’Hères, FranceBoris Georgiev - University of WaterlooCiriaco Goddi - INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari , Via della Scienza 5, I-09047, Selargius, CA, ItalyRoman Gold - University of Southern DenmarkArturo I. Gómez-Ruiz - Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologìa , Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, 03940, Ciudad de México, MéxicoJosé L. Gómez - Instituto de Astrofísica de AndalucíaMinfeng Gu - Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of ChinaMark Gurwell - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAKazuhiro Hada - Graduate University For Advanced StudiesDaryl Haggard - McGill UniversityKari Haworth - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAMichael H. Hecht - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyRonald Hesper - University of GroningenDirk Heumann - University of ArizonaLuis C. Ho - Peking UniversityPaul Ho - James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) , 660 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USAMareki Honma - The University of TokyoChih-Wei L. Huang - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia SinicaLei Huang - Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of ChinaDavid H. Hughes - Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica , Óptica y Electrónica. Apartado Postal 51 y 216, 72000. Puebla Pue., MéxicoShiro Ikeda - The University of TokyoC. M. Violette Impellizzeri - Leiden UniversityMakoto Inoue - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia SinicaSara Issaoun - Albert Einstein College of MedicineDavid J. James - Product Innovation and Engineering (United States, Saint James) - LLCBuell T. Jannuzi - University of ArizonaMichael Janssen - MaxBritton Jeter - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia SinicaWu Jiang - Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryAlejandra Jiménez-Rosales - Radboud University Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsMichael D. Johnson - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USASvetlana Jorstad - Boston UniversityAbhishek V. Joshi - University of Illinois Department of Physics, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USATaehyun Jung - University of Science and Technology , Gajeong-ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic Of KoreaMansour Karami - University of WaterlooRamesh Karuppusamy - MaxTomohisa Kawashima - The University of TokyoGarrett K. Keating - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAMark Kettenis - Joint Institute for VLBI ERICDong-Jin Kim - MaxJae-Young Kim - Kyungpook National UniversityJongsoo Kim - Korea Astronomy and Space Science InstituteJunhan Kim - California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAMotoki Kino - Kogakuin UniversityJun Yi Koay - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia SinicaPrashant Kocherlakota - MaxYutaro Kofuji - The University of TokyoPatrick M. Koch - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia SinicaShoko Koyama - Niigata UniversityCarsten Kramer - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) , 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38406 Saint Martin d’Hères, FranceMichael Kramer - MaxThomas P. Krichbaum - MaxCheng-Yu Kuo - National Sun Yat-sen UniversityNoemi La Bella - Radboud University Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsTod R. Lauer - National Optical Astronomy ObservatoryDaeyoung Lee - University of Illinois Department of Physics, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USASang-Sung Lee - Korea Astronomy and Space Science InstitutePo Kin Leung - The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Physics, Shatin, N.T., Hong KongAviad Levis - California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAZhiyuan Li - Nanjing UniversityRocco Lico - INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia , Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, ItalyGreg Lindahl - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAMichael Lindqvist - Chalmers University of TechnologyMikhail Lisakov - MaxJun Liu - MaxKuo Liu - MaxElisabetta Liuzzo - AlmaWen-Ping Lo - National Taiwan UniversityAndrei P. Lobanov - MaxLaurent Loinard - CIUDADColin J. Lonsdale - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyRu-Sen Lu - Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of ChinaJirong Mao - Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, 650011 Kunming, People's Republic of ChinaNicola Marchili - AlmaSera Markoff - University of AmsterdamDaniel P. Marrone - University of ArizonaAlan P. Marscher - Boston UniversityIván Martí-Vidal - Universitat de ValènciaSatoki Matsushita - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia SinicaLynn D. Matthews - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyLia Medeiros - Albert Einstein College of MedicineKarl M. Menten - MaxDaniel Michalik - European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA/ESTEC) Science Support Office, Directorate of Science, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The NetherlandsIzumi Mizuno - James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) , 660 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USAYosuke Mizuno - Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityJames M. Moran - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAKotaro Moriyama - National Astronomical Observatory of JapanMonika Moscibrodzka - Radboud University Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsCornelia Müller - Radboud University Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsAlejandro Mus - Universitat de ValènciaGibwa Musoke - University of AmsterdamIoannis Myserlis - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) , Avenida Divina Pastora 7, Local 20, E-18012, Granada, SpainAndrew Nadolski - University of Illinois at Urbana ChampaignHiroshi Nagai - Graduate University For Advanced StudiesNeil M. Nagar - Universidad de Concepción Astronomy Department, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, ChileMasanori Nakamura - National Institute of Technology , Hachinohe College, 16-1 Uwanotai, Tamonoki, Hachinohe City, Aomori 039-1192, JapanRamesh Narayan - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAGopal Narayanan - University of Massachusetts Department of Astronomy, Amherst, MA 01003, USAIniyan Natarajan - South African Radio Astronomy ObservatoryAntonios Nathanail - National and Kapodistrian University of AthensSantiago Navarro Fuentes - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) , Avenida Divina Pastora 7, Local 20, E-18012, Granada, SpainJoey Neilsen - Villanova UniversityRoberto Neri - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) , 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38406 Saint Martin d’Hères, FranceChunchong Ni - University of WaterlooAristeidis Noutsos - MaxMichael A. Nowak - Washington University CB 1105 Physics Department, St. Louis, MO 63130, USAJunghwan Oh - Sejong UniversityHiroki Okino - The University of TokyoHéctor Olivares - Radboud University Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsGisela N. Ortiz-León - CIUDADTomoaki Oyama - National Astronomical Observatory of JapanDaniel C. M. Palumbo - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAGeorgios Filippos Paraschos - MaxJongho Park - EACOA FellowHarriet Parsons - James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) , 660 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USANimesh Patel - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAUe-Li Pen - Canadian Institute for Advanced Research , 180 Dundas St. W, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, CanadaDominic W. Pesce - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAVincent Piétu - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) , 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38406 Saint Martin d’Hères, FranceRichard Plambeck - University of California Radio Astronomy Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAAleksandar PopStefanija - University of Massachusetts Department of Astronomy, Amherst, MA 01003, USAOliver Porth - University of AmsterdamFelix M. Pötzl - University College CorkBen Prather - University of Illinois Department of Physics, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USAJorge A. Preciado-López - Perimeter InstituteHung-Yi Pu - National Taiwan Normal UniversityVenkatessh Ramakrishnan - Aalto UniversityRamprasad Rao - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAMark G. Rawlings - NSF’s NOIRLabAlexander W. Raymond - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USALuciano Rezzolla - Trinity CollegeAngelo Ricarte - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USABart Ripperda - Princeton UniversityFreek Roelofs - Radboud University Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsAlan Rogers - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyEduardo Ros - MaxCristina Romero-Cañizales - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia SinicaArash Roshanineshat - University of ArizonaHelge Rottmann - MaxAlan L. Roy - MaxIgnacio Ruiz - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) , Avenida Divina Pastora 7, Local 20, E-18012, Granada, SpainChet Ruszczyk - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyKazi L. J. Rygl - AlmaSalvador Sánchez - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) , Avenida Divina Pastora 7, Local 20, E-18012, Granada, SpainDavid Sánchez-Argüelles - Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y TecnologíasMiguel Sánchez-Portal - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) , Avenida Divina Pastora 7, Local 20, E-18012, Granada, SpainMahito Sasada - Hiroshima UniversityKaushik Satapathy - University of ArizonaTuomas Savolainen - Aalto UniversityF. Peter Schloerb - University of Massachusetts Department of Astronomy, Amherst, MA 01003, USAJonathan Schonfeld - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAKarl-Friedrich Schuster - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) , 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38406 Saint Martin d’Hères, FranceLijing Shao - Peking UniversityZhiqiang Shen - Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of ChinaDes Small - Joint Institute for VLBI ERICBong Won Sohn - Yonsei UniversityJason SooHoo - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyKamal Souccar - University of Massachusetts Department of Astronomy, Amherst, MA 01003, USAHe Sun - California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAFumie Tazaki - National Astronomical Observatory of JapanAlexandra J. Tetarenko - Texas Tech University Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lubbock, TX 79409-1051, USAPaul Tiede - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USARemo P. J. Tilanus - Netherlands Organisation for Scientific ResearchMichael Titus - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyPablo Torne - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) , Avenida Divina Pastora 7, Local 20, E-18012, Granada, SpainEfthalia Traianou - MaxTyler Trent - University of ArizonaSascha Trippe - Seoul National UniversityMatthew Turk - University of Illinois at Urbana ChampaignIlse van Bemmel - Joint Institute for VLBI ERICHuib Jan van Langevelde - University of New MexicoDaniel R. van Rossum - Radboud University Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsJesse Vos - Radboud University Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsJan Wagner - MaxDerek Ward-Thompson - University of Central Lancashire Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, Preston PR1 2HE, UKJohn Wardle - Brandeis UniversityJonathan Weintroub - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USANorbert Wex - MaxRobert Wharton - MaxMaciek Wielgus - MaxKaj Wiik - University of TurkuGunther Witzel - MaxMichael F. Wondrak - Radboud University NijmegenGeorge N. Wong - Princeton UniversityQingwen Wu - Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyPaul Yamaguchi - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADoosoo Yoon - University of AmsterdamAndré Young - Radboud University Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsKen Young - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAZiri Younsi - UCL AustraliaFeng Yuan - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of ChinaYe-Fei Yuan - University of Science and Technology of China Astronomy Department, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of ChinaJ. Anton Zensus - MaxShuo Zhang - Bard College , 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504, USAGuang-Yao Zhao - Instituto de Astrofísica de AndalucíaShan-Shan Zhao - Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryDominic O. Chang - Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAFermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Publication Details
- Astrophysical journal. Letters, Vol.930(2), p.L15
- Publisher
- The American Astronomical Society
- Number of pages
- 52
- Identifiers
- 9924150854201921
- Academic Unit
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article
Journal article
First Sagittarius A Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Variability, Morphology, and Black Hole Mass
Astrophysical journal. Letters, Vol.930(2), p.L15
05/12/2022
Metrics
10 Record Views