First Sagittarius A Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Physical Interpretation of the Polarized Ring

Kazunori Akiyama; Antxon Alberdi; Walter Alef; Juan Algaba; Richard Anantua; Keiichi Asada; Rebecca Azulay; Uwe Bach; Anne-Kathrin Baczko; David Ball; Mislav Baloković; Bidisha Bandyopadhyay; John Barrett; Michi Bauböck; Bradford Benson; Dan Bintley; Lindy Blackburn; Raymond Blundell; Katherine Bouman; Geoffrey Bower; Hope Boyce; Michael Bremer; Christiaan Brinkerink; Roger Brissenden; Silke Britzen; Avery Broderick; Dominique Broguiere; Thomas Bronzwaer; Sandra Bustamante; Byun Do-Young; John Carlstrom; Chiara Ceccobello; Andrew Chael; Chan Chi-kwan; Dominic Chang; Koushik Chatterjee; Shami Chatterjee; Chen Ming-Tang; Yongjun Chen; Xiaopeng Cheng; Ilje Cho; Pierre Christian; Nicholas Conroy; John Conway; James Cordes; Thomas Crawford; Geoffrey Crew; Alejandro Cruz-Osorio; Yuzhu Cui; Rohan Dahale; Jordy Davelaar; Mariafelicia De Laurentis; Roger Deane; Jessica Dempsey; Gregory Desvignes; Jason Dexter; Vedant Dhruv; Indu Dihingia; Sheperd Doeleman; Sean Dougall; Sergio Dzib; Ralph Eatough; Razieh Emami; Heino Falcke; Joseph Farah; Vincent Fish; Edward Fomalont; H Ford; Marianna Foschi; Raquel Fraga-Encinas; William Freeman; Per Friberg; Christian Fromm; Antonio Fuentes; Peter Galison; Charles Gammie; Roberto García; Olivier Gentaz; Boris Georgiev; Ciriaco Goddi; Roman Gold; Arturo Gómez-Ruiz; José Gómez; Minfeng Gu; Mark Gurwell; Kazuhiro Hada; Daryl Haggard; Kari Haworth; Michael Hecht; Ronald Hesper; Dirk Heumann; Luis Ho; Paul Ho; Mareki Honma; Chih-Wei Huang; Lei Huang; David Hughes; Shiro Ikeda; C Violette Impellizzeri; Makoto Inoue; Sara Issaoun; David James; Buell Jannuzi; Michael Janssen; Britton Jeter; Jiang Wu; Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales; Michael Johnson; Svetlana Jorstad; Abhishek Joshi; Taehyun Jung; Mansour Karami; Ramesh Karuppusamy; Tomohisa Kawashima; Garrett Keating; Mark Kettenis; Kim Dong-Jin; Kim Jae-Young; Jongsoo Kim; Junhan Kim; Motoki Kino; Jun Yi Koay; Prashant Kocherlakota; Yutaro Kofuji; Patrick Koch; Shoko Koyama; Carsten Kramer; Joana Kramer; Michael Kramer; Thomas Krichbaum; Kuo Cheng-Yu; Noemi La Bella; Tod Lauer; Daeyoung Lee; Lee Sang-Sung; Po Leung; Aviad Levis; Zhiyuan Li; Rocco Lico; Greg Lindahl; Michael Lindqvist; Mikhail Lisakov; Jun Liu; Kuo Liu; Elisabetta Liuzzo; Wen-Ping Lo; Andrei Lobanov; Laurent Loinard; Colin Lonsdale; Amy Lowitz; Lu Ru-Sen; Nicholas MacDonald; Jirong Mao; Nicola Marchili; Sera Markoff; Daniel Marrone; Alan Marscher; Iván Martí-Vidal; Satoki Matsushita; Lynn Matthews; Lia Medeiros; Karl Menten; Daniel Michalik; Izumi Mizuno; Yosuke Mizuno; James Moran; Kotaro Moriyama; Monika Moscibrodzka; Wanga Mulaudzi; Cornelia Müller; Hendrik Müller; Alejandro Mus; Gibwa Musoke; Ioannis Myserlis; Andrew Nadolski; Hiroshi Nagai; Neil Nagar; Masanori Nakamura; Gopal Narayanan; Iniyan Natarajan; Antonios Nathanail; Santiago Navarro Fuentes; Joey Neilsen; Roberto Neri; Chunchong Ni; Aristeidis Noutsos; Michael Nowak; Junghwan Oh; Hiroki Okino; Héctor Olivares; Gisela Ortiz-León; Tomoaki Oyama; Feryal Özel; Daniel Palumbo; Georgios Filippos Paraschos; Jongho Park; Harriet Parsons; Nimesh Patel; Ue-Li Pen; Dominic Pesce; Vincent Piétu; Richard Plambeck; Aleksandar PopStefanija; Oliver Porth; Felix Pötzl; Ben Prather; Jorge Preciado-López; Dimitrios Psaltis; Pu Hung-Yi; Venkatessh Ramakrishnan; Ramprasad Rao; Mark Rawlings; Alexander Raymond; Luciano Rezzolla; Angelo Ricarte; Bart Ripperda; Freek Roelofs; Alan Rogers; Cristina Romero-Cañizales; Eduardo Ros; Arash Roshanineshat; Helge Rottmann; Alan Roy; Ignacio Ruiz; Chet Ruszczyk; Kazi Rygl; Salvador Sánchez; David Sánchez-Argüelles; Miguel Sánchez-Portal; Mahito Sasada; Kaushik Satapathy; Tuomas Savolainen; F Schloerb; Jonathan Schonfeld; Karl-Friedrich Schuster; Lijing Shao; Zhiqiang Shen; Des Small; Bong Sohn; Jason SooHoo; León David Sosapanta Salas; Kamal Souccar; Joshua Stanway; He Sun; Fumie Tazaki; Alexandra Tetarenko; Paul Tiede; Remo Tilanus; Michael Titus; Pablo Torne; Teresa Toscano; Efthalia Traianou; Trent Tyler; Sascha Trippe; Matthew Turk; Ilse van Bemmel; Huib van Langevelde; Daniel van Rossum; Jesse Vos; Jan Wagner; Derek Ward-Thompson; John Wardle; Jasmin Washington; Jonathan Weintroub; Robert Wharton; Maciek Wielgus; Kaj Wiik; Gunther Witzel; Michael Wondrak; George Wong; Qingwen Wu; Nitika Yadlapalli; Paul Yamaguchi; Aristomenis Yfantis; Doosoo Yoon; André Young; Ken Young; Ziri Younsi; Wei Yu; Feng Yuan; Yuan Ye-Fei; J Anton Zensus; Shuo Zhang; Guang-Yao Zhao; Zhao Shan-Shan; Mahdi Najafi-Ziyazi

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad2df1

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First Sagittarius A Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Physical Interpretation of the Polarized Ring

Journal article

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First Sagittarius A Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Physical Interpretation of the Polarized Ring

Kazunori Akiyama, Antxon Alberdi, Walter Alef, Juan Algaba, Richard Anantua, Keiichi Asada, Rebecca Azulay, Uwe Bach, Anne-Kathrin Baczko, David Ball, …

Astrophysical journal. Letters, Vol.964(2), p.L26

04/01/2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad2df1

Abstract

Accretion

Black holes

Constraint modelling

Deposition

Event horizon

Faraday effect

Inclination angle

Linear polarization

Magnetic fields

Parameters

Polarimetry

Polarization

In a companion paper, we present the first spatially resolved polarized image of Sagittarius A* on event horizon scales, captured using the Event Horizon Telescope, a global very long baseline interferometric array operating at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Here we interpret this image using both simple analytic models and numerical general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations. The large spatially resolved linear polarization fraction (24%–28%, peaking at ∼40%) is the most stringent constraint on parameter space, disfavoring models that are too Faraday depolarized. Similar to our studies of M87*, polarimetric constraints reinforce a preference for GRMHD models with dynamically important magnetic fields. Although the spiral morphology of the polarization pattern is known to constrain the spin and inclination angle, the time-variable rotation measure (RM) of Sgr A* (equivalent to ≈46° ± 12° rotation at 228 GHz) limits its present utility as a constraint. If we attribute the RM to internal Faraday rotation, then the motion of accreting material is inferred to be counterclockwise, contrary to inferences based on historical polarized flares, and no model satisfies all polarimetric and total intensity constraints. On the other hand, if we attribute the mean RM to an external Faraday screen, then the motion of accreting material is inferred to be clockwise, and one model passes all applied total intensity and polarimetric constraints: a model with strong magnetic fields, a spin parameter of 0.94, and an inclination of 150°. We discuss how future 345 GHz and dynamical imaging will mitigate our present uncertainties and provide additional constraints on the black hole and its accretion flow.

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Title: First Sagittarius A Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Physical Interpretation of the Polarized Ring
Creators: Kazunori Akiyama
Antxon Alberdi
Walter Alef
Juan Algaba
Richard Anantua
Keiichi Asada
Rebecca Azulay
Uwe Bach
Anne-Kathrin Baczko
David Ball
Mislav Baloković
Bidisha Bandyopadhyay
John Barrett
Michi Bauböck
Bradford Benson
Dan Bintley
Lindy Blackburn
Raymond Blundell
Katherine Bouman
Geoffrey Bower
Hope Boyce
Michael Bremer
Christiaan Brinkerink
Roger Brissenden
Silke Britzen
Avery Broderick
Dominique Broguiere
Thomas Bronzwaer
Sandra Bustamante
Byun Do-Young
John Carlstrom
Chiara Ceccobello
Andrew Chael
Chan Chi-kwan
Dominic Chang
Koushik Chatterjee
Shami Chatterjee
Chen Ming-Tang
Yongjun Chen
Xiaopeng Cheng
Ilje Cho
Pierre Christian
Nicholas Conroy
John Conway
James Cordes
Thomas Crawford
Geoffrey Crew
Alejandro Cruz-Osorio
Yuzhu Cui
Rohan Dahale
Jordy Davelaar
Mariafelicia De Laurentis
Roger Deane
Jessica Dempsey
Gregory Desvignes
Jason Dexter
Vedant Dhruv
Indu Dihingia
Sheperd Doeleman
Sean Dougall
Sergio Dzib
Ralph Eatough
Razieh Emami
Heino Falcke
Joseph Farah
Vincent Fish
Edward Fomalont
H Ford
Marianna Foschi
Raquel Fraga-Encinas
William Freeman
Per Friberg
Christian Fromm
Antonio Fuentes
Peter Galison
Charles Gammie
Roberto García
Olivier Gentaz
Boris Georgiev
Ciriaco Goddi
Roman Gold
Arturo Gómez-Ruiz
José Gómez
Minfeng Gu
Mark Gurwell
Kazuhiro Hada
Daryl Haggard
Kari Haworth
Michael Hecht
Ronald Hesper
Dirk Heumann
Luis Ho
Paul Ho
Mareki Honma
Chih-Wei Huang
Lei Huang
David Hughes
Shiro Ikeda
C Violette Impellizzeri
Makoto Inoue
Sara Issaoun
David James
Buell Jannuzi
Michael Janssen
Britton Jeter
Jiang Wu
Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales
Michael Johnson
Svetlana Jorstad
Abhishek Joshi
Taehyun Jung
Mansour Karami
Ramesh Karuppusamy
Tomohisa Kawashima
Garrett Keating
Mark Kettenis
Kim Dong-Jin
Kim Jae-Young
Jongsoo Kim
Junhan Kim
Motoki Kino
Jun Yi Koay
Prashant Kocherlakota
Yutaro Kofuji
Patrick Koch
Shoko Koyama
Carsten Kramer
Joana Kramer
Michael Kramer
Thomas Krichbaum
Kuo Cheng-Yu
Noemi La Bella
Tod Lauer
Daeyoung Lee
Lee Sang-Sung
Po Leung
Aviad Levis
Zhiyuan Li
Rocco Lico
Greg Lindahl
Michael Lindqvist
Mikhail Lisakov
Jun Liu
Kuo Liu
Elisabetta Liuzzo
Wen-Ping Lo
Andrei Lobanov
Laurent Loinard
Colin Lonsdale
Amy Lowitz
Lu Ru-Sen
Nicholas MacDonald
Jirong Mao
Nicola Marchili
Sera Markoff
Daniel Marrone
Alan Marscher
Iván Martí-Vidal
Satoki Matsushita
Lynn Matthews
Lia Medeiros
Karl Menten
Daniel Michalik
Izumi Mizuno
Yosuke Mizuno
James Moran
Kotaro Moriyama
Monika Moscibrodzka
Wanga Mulaudzi
Cornelia Müller
Hendrik Müller
Alejandro Mus
Gibwa Musoke
Ioannis Myserlis
Andrew Nadolski
Hiroshi Nagai
Neil Nagar
Masanori Nakamura
Gopal Narayanan
Iniyan Natarajan
Antonios Nathanail
Santiago Navarro Fuentes
Joey Neilsen
Roberto Neri
Chunchong Ni
Aristeidis Noutsos
Michael Nowak
Junghwan Oh
Hiroki Okino
Héctor Olivares
Gisela Ortiz-León
Tomoaki Oyama
Feryal Özel
Daniel Palumbo
Georgios Filippos Paraschos
Jongho Park
Harriet Parsons
Nimesh Patel
Ue-Li Pen
Dominic Pesce
Vincent Piétu
Richard Plambeck
Aleksandar PopStefanija
Oliver Porth
Felix Pötzl
Ben Prather
Jorge Preciado-López
Dimitrios Psaltis
Pu Hung-Yi
Venkatessh Ramakrishnan
Ramprasad Rao
Mark Rawlings
Alexander Raymond
Luciano Rezzolla
Angelo Ricarte
Bart Ripperda
Freek Roelofs
Alan Rogers
Cristina Romero-Cañizales
Eduardo Ros
Arash Roshanineshat
Helge Rottmann
Alan Roy
Ignacio Ruiz
Chet Ruszczyk
Kazi Rygl
Salvador Sánchez
David Sánchez-Argüelles
Miguel Sánchez-Portal
Mahito Sasada
Kaushik Satapathy
Tuomas Savolainen
F Schloerb
Jonathan Schonfeld
Karl-Friedrich Schuster
Lijing Shao
Zhiqiang Shen
Des Small
Bong Sohn
Jason SooHoo
León David Sosapanta Salas
Kamal Souccar
Joshua Stanway
He Sun
Fumie Tazaki
Alexandra Tetarenko
Paul Tiede
Remo Tilanus
Michael Titus
Pablo Torne
Teresa Toscano
Efthalia Traianou
Trent Tyler
Sascha Trippe
Matthew Turk
Ilse van Bemmel
Huib van Langevelde
Daniel van Rossum
Jesse Vos
Jan Wagner
Derek Ward-Thompson
John Wardle
Jasmin Washington
Jonathan Weintroub
Robert Wharton
Maciek Wielgus
Kaj Wiik
Gunther Witzel
Michael Wondrak
George Wong
Qingwen Wu
Nitika Yadlapalli
Paul Yamaguchi
Aristomenis Yfantis
Doosoo Yoon
André Young
Ken Young
Ziri Younsi
Wei Yu
Feng Yuan
Yuan Ye-Fei
J Anton Zensus
Shuo Zhang
Guang-Yao Zhao
Zhao Shan-Shan
Mahdi Najafi-Ziyazi
Publication Details: Astrophysical journal. Letters, Vol.964(2), p.L26
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Identifiers: 9924342182101921
Academic Unit: Martin A. Fisher School of Physics
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

First Sagittarius A Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Physical Interpretation of the Polarized Ring

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