Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

Daniel J Klionsky; Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz; Sara Abdelfatah; Mahmoud Abdellatif; Asghar Abdoli; Steffen Abel; Hagai Abeliovich; Marie H Abildgaard; Yakubu Princely Abudu; Abraham Acevedo-Arozena; Iannis E Adamopoulos; Khosrow Adeli; Timon E Adolph; Annagrazia Adornetto; Elma Aflaki; Galila Agam; Anupam Agarwal; Bharat B Aggarwal; Maria Agnello; Patrizia Agostinis; Javed N Agrewala; Alexander Agrotis; Patricia Aguilar; S. Tariq Ahmad; Zubair M Ahmed; Ulises Ahumada-Castro; Sonja Aits; Shu Aizawa; Yunus Akkoc; Tonia Akoumianaki; Hafize Aysin Akpinar; Ahmed M Al-Abd; Lina Al-Akra; Abeer Al-Gharaibeh; Moulay A Alaoui-Jamali; Simon Alberti; Elisabet Alcocer-Gomez; Cristiano Alessandri; Muhammad Ali; M. Abdul Alim Al-Bari; Saeb Aliwaini; Javad Alizadeh; Eugenia Almacellas; Alexandru Almasan; Alicia Alonso; Guillermo D Alonso; Nihal Altan-Bonnet; Dario C Altieri; Sara Alves; Cristine Alves da Costa; Mazen M Alzaharna; Marialaura Amadio; Consuelo Amantini; Cristina Amaral; Susanna Ambrosio; Amal O Amer; Veena Ammanathan; Zhenyi An; Stig U Andersen; Shaida A Andrabi; Magaiver Andrade-Silva; Allen M Andres; Sabrina Angelini; David Ann; Uche C Anozie; Mohammad Y Ansari; Pedro Antas; Adam Antebi; Zurine Anton; Tahira Anwar; Lionel Apetoh; Nadezda Apostolova; Toshiyuki Araki; Yasuhiro Araki; Kohei Arasaki; Wagner L Araujo; Jun Araya; Catherine Arden; Maria-Angeles Arevalo; Sandro Arguelles; Esperanza Arias; Jyothi Arikkath; Hirokazu Arimoto; Aileen R Ariosa; Darius Armstrong-James; Laetitia Arnaune-Pelloquin; Angeles Aroca; Daniela S Arroyo; Ivica Arsov; Ruben Artero; Dalia Maria Lucia Asaro; Michael Aschner; Milad Ashrafizadeh; Osnat Ashur-Fabian; Atanas G Atanasov; Alicia K Au; Patrick Auberger; Holger W Auner; Laure Aurelian; Riccardo Autelli; Laura Avagliano; Yenniffer Avalos; Sanja Aveic; Celia Alexandra Aveleira; Tamar AvinWittenberg; Yucel Aydin; Scott Ayton; Srinivas Ayyadevara; Maria Azzopardi; Misuzu Baba; Jonathan M Backer; Steven K Backues; Dong-Hun Bae; Ok-Nam Bae; Soo Han Bae; Eric H Baehrecke; Ahruem Baek; Seung-Hoon Baek; Sung Hee Baek; Giacinto Bagetta; Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna; Hua Bai; Jie Bai; Xiyuan Bai; Yidong Bai; Nandadulal Bairagi; Shounak Baksi; Teresa Balbi; Cosima T Baldari; Walter Balduini; Andrea Ballabio; Maria Ballester; Salma Balazadeh; Rena Balzan; Rina Bandopadhyay; Sreeparna Banerjee; Sulagna Banerjee; Yan Bao; Mauricio S Baptista; Alessandra Baracca; Cristiana Barbati; Ariadna Bargiela; Daniela Barila; Peter G Barlow; Sami J Barmada; Esther Barreiro; George E Barreto; Jiri Bartek; Bonnie Bartel; Alberto Bartolome; Gaurav R Barve; Suresh H Basagoudanavar; Diane C Bassham; Robert C. Bast Jr; Alakananda Basu; Henri Batoko; Isabella Batten; Etienne E Baulieu; Bradley L Baumgarner; Jagadeesh Bayry; Rupert Beale; Isabelle Beau; Florian Beaumatin; Luiz R. G Bechara; George R. Beck; Michael F Beers; Jakob Begun; Christian Behrends; Georg M. N Behrens; Roberto Bei; Eloy Bejarano; Shai Bel; Christian Behl; Amine Belaid; Naima Belgareh-Touze; Cristina Bellarosa; Francesca Belleudi; Melissa Bello Perez; Raquel Bello-Morales; Jackeline Soares de Oliveira Beltran; Sebastian Beltran; Doris Mangiaracina Benbrook; Mykolas Bendorius; Bruno A Benitez; Irene Benito-Cuesta; Julien Bensalem; Martin W Berchtold; Sabina Berezowska; Daniele Bergamaschi; Matteo Bergami; Andreas Bergmann; Laura Berliocchi; Clarisse Berlioz-Torrent; Amelie Bernard; Lionel Berthoux; Cagri G Besirli; Sebastien Besteiro; Virginie M Betin; Rudi Beyaert; Jelena S Bezbradica; Kiran Bhaskar; Ingrid Bhatia-Kissova; Resham Bhattacharya; Sujoy Bhattacharya; Shalmoli Bhattacharyya; Md Shenuarin Bhuiyan; Sujit Kumar Bhutia; Lanrong Bi; Xiaolin Bi; Trevor J Biden; Krikor Bijian; Viktor A Billes; Nadine Binart; Claudia Bincoletto; Asa B Birgisdottir; Geir Bjorkoy; Gonzalo Blanco; Ana Blas-Garcia; Janusz Blasiak; Robert Blomgran; Klas Blomgren; Janice S Blum; Emilio Boada-Romero; Mirta Boban; Kathleen BoeszeBattaglia; Philippe Boeuf; Barry Boland; Pascale Bomont; Paolo Bonaldo; Srinivasa Reddy Bonam; Laura Bonfili; Juan S Bonifacino; Brian A Boone; Martin D Bootman; Matteo Bordi; Christoph Borner; Beat C Bornhauser; Gautam Borthakur; Jurgen Bosch; Santanu Bose; Luis M Botana; Juan Botas; Chantal M Boulanger; Michael E Boulton; Mathieu Bourdenx; Benjamin Bourgeois; Nollaig M Bourke; Guilhem Bousquet; Patricia Boya; Peter Bozhkov; Luiz H. M Bozi; Tolga O Bozkurt; Doug E Brackney; Christian H Brandts; Ralf J Braun; Gerhard H Braus; Roberto Bravo-Sagua; Jose M Bravo-San Pedro; Patrick Brest; Marie-Agnes Bringer; Alfredo Briones-Herrera; V. Courtney Broaddus; Peter Brodersen; Elida M. C Alvarez; Jeffrey L Brodsky; Steven L Brody; Paola G Bronson; Jeff M Bronstein; Carolyn N Brown; Rhoderick E Brown; Patricia C Brum; John H Brumell; Nicola Brunetti-Pierri; Daniele Bruno; Robert J Bryson-Richardson; Cecilia Bucci; Carmen Buchrieser; Marta Bueno; Laura Elisa Buitrago-Molina; Simone Buraschi; Shilpa Buch; J. Ross Buchan; Erin M Buckingham; Hikmet Budak; Mauricio Budini; Geert Bultynck; Florin Burada; Joseph R Burgoyne; M. Isabel Buron; Victor Bustos; Sabrina Buttner; Elena Butturini; Aaron Byrd; Isabel Cabas; Sandra Cabrera-Benitez; Ken Cadwell; Jingjing Cai; Lu Cai; Qian Cai; Montserrat Cairo; Jose A Calbet; Guy A Caldwell; Kim A Caldwell; Jarrod A Call; Riccardo Calvani; Ana C Calvo; Miguel Calvo-Rubio Barrera; Niels Os Camara; Jacques H Camonis; Nadine Camougrand; Michelangelo Campanella; Edward M Campbell; Francois-Xavier Campbell-Valois; Silvia Campello; Ilaria Campesi; Juliane C Campos; Olivier Camuzard; Jorge Cancino; Danilo Candido de Almeida; Laura Canesi; Isabella Caniggia; Barbara Canonico; Carles Canti; Bin Cao; Michele Caraglia; Beatriz Carames; Evie H Carchman; Elena Cardenal-Munoz; Cesar Cardenas; Luis Cardenas; Sandra M Cardoso; Jennifer S Carew; Georges F Carle; Gillian Carleton; Silvia Carloni; Didac Carmona-Gutierrez; Leticia A Carneiro; Oliana Carnevali; Julian M Carosi; Serena Carra; Alice Carrier; Lucie Carrier; Bernadette Carroll; A. Brent Carter; Andreia Neves Carvalho; Magali Casanova; Caty Casas; Josefina Casas; Chiara Cassioli; Eliseo F Castillo; Karen Castillo; Sonia Castillo-Lluva; Francesca Castoldi; Marco Castori; Ariel F Castro; Margarida Castro-Caldas; Javier Castro-Hernandez; Susana Castro-Obregon; Sergio D Catz; Claudia Cavadas; Federica Cavaliere; Gabriella Cavallini; Maria Cavinato; Maria L Cayuela; Paula Cebollada Rica; Valentina Cecarini; Francesco Cecconi; Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko; Simone Cenci; Victoria Ceperuelo-Mallafre; Joao J Cerqueira; Janete M Cerutti; Davide Cervia; Vildan Bozok Cetintas; Silvia Cetrullo; Han-Jung Chae; Andrei S Chagin; Chee-Yin Chai; Gopal Chakrabarti; Oishee Chakrabarti; Tapas Chakraborty; Trinad Chakraborty; Mounia Chami; Georgios Chamilos; David W Chan; Edmond Y. W Chan; Edward D Chan; H. Y. Edwin Chan; Helen H Chan; Hung Chan; Matthew T. Chan; Yau Sang Chan; Partha K Chandra; Chih-Peng Chang; Chunmei Chang; Hao-Chun Chang; Kai Chang; Jie Chao; Tracey Chapman; Nicolas Charlet-Berguerand; Samrat Chatterjee; Shail K Chaube; Anu Chaudhary; Santosh Chauhan; Edward Chaum; Frederic Checler; Michael E Cheetham; ChangShi Chen; Guang-Chao Chen; Jian-Fu Chen; Liam L Chen; Leilei Chen; Lin Chen; Mingliang Chen; MuKuan Chen; Ning Chen; Quan Chen; Ruey-Hwa Chen; Shi Chen; Wei Chen; Weiqiang Chen; XinMing Chen; Xiong-Wen Chen; Xu Chen; Yan Chen; Ye-Guang Chen; Yingyu Chen; Yongqiang Chen; YuJen Chen; Yue-Qin Chen; Zhefan Stephen Chen; Zhi Chen; Zhi-Hua Chen; Zhijian J Chen; Zhixiang Chen; Hanhua Cheng; Jun Cheng; Shi-Yuan Cheng; Wei Cheng; Xiaodong Cheng; Xiu-Tang Cheng; Yiyun Cheng; Zhiyong Cheng; Zhong Chen; Heesun Cheong; Jit Kong Cheong; Boris Chernyak; Sara Cherry; Chi Fai Randy Cheung; Chun Hei Antonio Cheung; King-Ho Cheung; Eric Chevet; Richard J Chi; Alan Kwok Shing Chiang; Ferdinando Chiaradonna; Roberto Chiarelli; Mario Chiariello; Nathalia Chica; Susanna Chiocca; Mario Chiong; Shih-Hwa Chiou; Abhilash Chiramel; Valerio Chiurchiu; Dong-Hyung Cho; Seong-Kyu Choe; Augustine M. K Choi; Mary E Choi; Kamalika Roy Choudhury; Norman S Chow; Charleen T Chu; Jason P Chua; John Jia En Chua; Hyewon Chung; Kin Pan Chung; Seockhoon Chung; So-Hyang Chung; Yuen-Li Chung; Valentina Cianfanelli; Iwona A Ciechomska; Mariana Cifuentes; Laura Cinque; Sebahattin Cirak; Mara Cirone; Michael J Clague; Robert Clarke; Emilio Clementi; Eliana M Coccia; Patrice Codogno; Ehud Cohen; Mickael M Cohen; Tania Colasanti; Fiorella Colasuonno; Robert A Colbert; Anna Colell; Nuria S Coll; Mark O Collins; Maria Colombo; Daniel A Colon-Ramos; Lydie Combaret; Sergio Comincini; Marcia R Cominetti; Antonella Consiglio; Andrea Conte; Fabrizio Conti; Viorica Raluca Contu; Mark R Cookson; Kevin M Coombs; Isabelle Coppens; Maria Tiziana Corasaniti; Dale P Corkery; Nils Cordes; Katia Cortese; Maria do Carmo Costa; Sarah Costantino; Paola Costelli; Ana Coto-Montes; Peter J Crack; Jose L Crespo; Alfredo Criollo; Valeria Crippa; Riccardo Cristofani; Tamas Csizmadia; Antonio Cuadrado; Bing Cui; Jun Cui; Yixian Cui; Yong Cui; Emmanuel Culetto; Andrea C Cumino; Andrey Cybulsky; Mark J Czaja; Stanislaw J Czuczwar; Stefania D'Adamo; Marcello D'Amelio; Daniela D'Arcangelo; Andrew C D'Lugos; Gabriella D'Orazi; James A da Silva; Hormos Salimi Dafsari; Ruben K Dagda; Yasin Dagdas; Maria Daglia; Xiaoxia Dai; Yun Dai; Yuyuan Dai; Jessica Dal Col; Paul Dalhaimer; Luisa Dalla Valle; Tobias Dallenga; Guillaume Dalmasso; Markus Damme; Ilaria Dando; Nico P Dantuma; April L Darling; Hiranmoy Das; Srinivasan Dasarathy; Santosh K Dasari; Srikanta Dash; Oliver Daumke; Adrian N Dauphinee; Jeffrey S Davies; Valeria A Davila; Roger J Davis; Tanja Davis; Sharadha Dayalan Naidu; Francesca De Amicis; Karolien De Bosscher; Francesca De Felice; Lucia De Franceschi; Chiara De Leonibus; Mayara G de Mattos Barbosa; Guido R. Y De Meyer; Angelo De Milito; Cosimo De Nunzio; Clara De Palma; Mauro De Santi; Claudio De Virgilio; Daniela De Zio; Jayanta Debnath; Brian J DeBosch; JeanPaul Decuypere; Mark A Deehan; Gianluca Deflorian; James DeGregori; Benjamin Dehay; Gabriel Del Rio; Joe R Delaney; Lea M. D Delbridge; Elizabeth Delorme-Axford; M. Victoria Delpino; Francesca Demarchi; Vilma Dembitz; Nicholas D Demers; Hongbin Deng; Zhiqiang Deng; Joern Dengjel; Paul Dent; Donna Denton; Melvin L DePamphilis; Channing J Der; Vojo Deretic; Albert Descoteaux; Laura Devis; Sushil Devkota; Olivier Devuyst; Grant Dewson; Mahendiran Dharmasivam; Rohan Dhiman; Diego di Bernardo; Manlio Di Cristina; Fabio Di Domenico; Pietro Di Fazio; Alessio Di Fonzo; Giovanni Di Guardo; Gianni M Di Guglielmo; Luca Di Leo; Chiara Di Malta; Alessia Di Nardo; Martina Di Rienzo; Federica Di Sano; George Diallinas; Jiajie Diao; Guillermo Diaz-Araya; Ines Diaz-Laviada; Jared M Dickinson; Marc Diederich; Melanie Dieude; Ivan Dikic; Shiping Ding; Wen-Xing Ding; Luciana Dini; Miroslav Dinic; Albena T Dinkova-Kostova; Marc S Dionne; Jorg H. W Distler; Abhinav Diwan; Ian M. C Dixon; Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny; Ina Dobrinski; Oxana Dobrovinskaya; Radek Dobrowolski; Renwick C. J Dobson; Serap Dokmeci Emre; Massimo Donadelli; Bo Dong; Xiaonan Dong; Zhiwu Dong; Gerald W. Dorn Ii; Volker Dotsch; Huan Dou; Juan Dou; Moataz Dowaidar; Sami Dridi; Liat Drucker; Ailian Du; Caigan Du; Guangwei Du; Hai-Ning Du; Li-Lin Du; Andre du Toit; Shao-Bin Duan; Xiaoqiong Duan; Sonia P Duarte; Anna Dubrovska; Elaine A Dunlop; Nicolas Dupont; Raul Duran; Bilikere S Dwarakanath; Sergey A Dyshlovoy; Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari; Leopold Eckhart; Charles L Edelstein; Thomas Efferth; Eftekhar Eftekharpour; Ludwig Eichinger; Nabil Eid; Tobias Eisenberg; N. Tony Eissa; Sanaa Eissa; Miriam Ejarque; Abdeljabar El Andaloussi; Nazira El-Hage; Shahenda El-Naggar; Anna Maria Eleuteri; Eman S El-Shafey; Mohamed Elgendy; Aristides G Eliopoulos; Maria M Elizalde; Philip M Elks; Hans-Peter Elsasser; Eslam S Elsherbiny; Brooke M Emerling; N. C. Tolga Emre; Christina H Eng; Nikolai Engedal; Anna-Mart Engelbrecht; Agnete S. T Engelsen; Jorrit M Enserink; Ricardo Escalante; Audrey Esclatine; Mafalda Escobar-Henriques; Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen; Lucile Espert; Makandjou-Ola Eusebio; Gemma Fabrias; Cinzia Fabrizi; Antonio Facchiano; Francesco Facchiano; Bengt Fadeel; Claudio Fader; Alex C Faesen; W. Douglas Fairlie; Alberto Falco; Bjorn H Falkenburger; Daping Fan; Jie Fan; Yanbo Fan; Evandro F Fang; Yanshan Fang; Yognqi Fang; Manolis Fanto; Tamar Farfel-Becker; Mathias Faure; Gholamreza Fazeli; Anthony O Fedele; Arthur M Feldman; Du Feng; Jiachun Feng; Lifeng Feng; Yibin Feng; Yuchen Feng; Wei Feng; Thais Fenz Araujo; Thomas A Ferguson; Jose C Fernandez-Checa; Sonia FernandezVeledo; Alisdair R Fernie; Anthony W. Ferrante; Alessandra Ferraresi; Merari F Ferrari; Julio C. B Ferreira; Susan Ferro-Novick; Antonio Figueras; Riccardo Filadi; Nicoletta Filigheddu; Eduardo FilippiChiela; Giuseppe Filomeni; Gian Maria Fimia; Vittorio Fineschi; Francesca Finetti; Steven Finkbeiner; Edward A Fisher; Paul B Fisher; Flavio Flamigni; Steven J Fliesler; Trude H Flo; Ida Florance; Oliver Florey; Tullio Florio; Erika Fodor; Carlo Follo; Edward A Fon; Antonella Forlino; Francesco Fornai; Paola Fortini; Anna Fracassi; Alessandro Fraldi; Brunella Franco; Rodrigo Franco; Flavia Franconi; Lisa B Frankel; Scott L Friedman; Leopold F Frohlich; Gema Fruhbeck; Jose M Fuentes; Yukio Fujiki; Naonobu Fujita; Yuuki Fujiwara; Mitsunori Fukuda; Simone Fulda; Luc Furic; Norihiko Furuya; Carmela Fusco; Michaela U Gack; Lidia Gaffke; Sehamuddin Galadari; Alessia Galasso; Maria F Galindo; Sachith Gallolu Kankanamalage; Lorenzo Galluzzi; Vincent Galy; Noor Gammoh; Boyi Gan; Ian G Ganley; Feng Gao; Hui Gao; Minghui Gao; Ping Gao; Shou-Jiang Gao; Wentao Gao; Xiaobo Gao; Ana Garcera; Maria Noe Garcia; Veronica E Garcia; Francisco Garcia-Del Portillo; Vega Garcia-Escudero; Aracely GarciaGarcia; Marina Garcia-Macia; Diana Garcia-Moreno; Carmen Garcia-Ruiz; Patricia Garcia-Sanz; Abhishek D Garg; Ricardo Gargini; Tina Garofalo; Robert F Garry; Nils C Gassen; Damian Gatica; Liang Ge; Wanzhong Ge; Ruth Geiss-Friedlander; Cecilia Gelfi; Pascal Genschik; Ian E Gentle; Valeria Gerbino; Christoph Gerhardt; Kyla Germain; Marc Germain; David A Gewirtz; Elham Ghasemipour Afshar; Saeid Ghavami; Alessandra Ghigo; Manosij Ghosh; Georgios Giamas; Claudia Giampietri; Alexandra Giatromanolaki; Gary E Gibson; Spencer B Gibson; Vanessa Ginet; Edward Giniger; Carlotta Giorgi; Henrique Girao; Stephen E Girardin; Mridhula Giridharan; Sandy Giuliano; Cecilia Giulivi; Sylvie Giuriato; Julien Giustiniani; Alexander Gluschko; Veit Goder; Alexander Goginashvili; Jakub Golab; David C Goldstone; Anna Golebiewska; Luciana R Gomes; Rodrigo Gomez; Ruben Gomez-Sanchez; Maria Catalina Gomez-Puerto; Raquel Gomez-Sintes; Qingqiu Gong; Felix M Goni; Javier Gonzalez-Gallego; Tomas Gonzalez-Hernandez; Rosa A Gonzalez-Polo; Jose A Gonzalez-Reyes; Patricia Gonzalez-Rodriguez; Ing Swie Goping; Marina S Gorbatyuk; Nikolai Gorbunov; Roxana M Gorojod; Sharon M Gorski; Sandro Goruppi; Cecilia Gotor; Roberta A Gottlieb; Illana Gozes; Devrim Gozuacik; Martin Graef; Markus H Graler; Veronica Granatiero; Daniel Grasso; Joshua P Gray; Douglas R Green; Alexander Greenhough; Stephen L Gregory; Edward F Griffin; Mark W Grinstaff; Frederic Gros; Charles Grose; Angelina S Gross; Florian Gruber; Paolo Grumati; Tilman Grune; Xueyan Gu; Jun-Lin Guan; Carlos M Guardia; Kishore Guda; Flora Guerra; Consuelo Guerri; Prasun Guha; Carlos Guillen; Shashi Gujar; Anna Gukovskaya; Ilya Gukovsky; Jan Gunst; Andreas Gunther; Anyonya R Guntur; Chuanyong Guo; Chun Guo; Hongqing Guo; Lian-Wang Guo; Ming Guo; Pawan Gupta; Alvaro F Fernandez; Shashi Kumar Gupta; Swapnil Gupta; Veer Bala Gupta; Vivek Gupta; Asa B Gustafsson; David D Gutterman; H. B Ranjitha; Annakaisa Haapasalo; James E Haber; Shinji Hadano; Anders J Hafren; Mansour Haidar; Belinda S Hall; Gunnel Hallden; Anne Hamacher-Brady; Andrea Hamann; Maho Hamasaki; Weidong Han; Malene Hansen; Phyllis Hanson; Zijian Hao; Masaru Harada; Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic; Nirmala Hariharan; Nigil Haroon; James Harris; Takafumi Hasegawa; Noor Hasima Nagoor; Jeffrey A Haspel; Volker Haucke; Wayne D Hawkins; Bruce A Hay; Cole M Haynes; Soren B Hayrabedyan; Thomas S Hays; Congcong He; Qin He; RongRong He; You-Wen He; Yu-Ying He; Yasser Heakal; Alexander M Heberle; J. Fielding Hejtmancik; Gudmundur Vignir Helgason; Vanessa Henkel; Marc Herb; Alexander Hergovich; Anna Herman-Antosiewicz; Agustin Hernandez; Carlos Hernandez; Sergio Hernandez-Diaz; Virginia Hernandez-Gea; Amaury Herpin; Judit Herreros; Javier H Hervas; Daniel Hesselson; Claudio Hetz; Volker T Heussler; Yujiro Higuchi; Sabine Hilfiker; Joseph A Hill; William S Hlavacek; Emmanuel A Ho; Idy H. T Ho; Philip Wing-Lok Ho; ShuLeong Ho; Wan Yun Ho; G. Aaron Hobbs; Mark Hochstrasser; Peter H. M Hoet; Daniel Hofius; Paul Hofman; Annika Hohn; Carina Holmberg; Jose R Hombrebueno; Chang-Won Hong; Yi-Ren Hong; Lora Hooper; Thorsten Hoppe; Rastislav Horos; Yujin Hoshida; I-Lun Hsin; Hsin-Yun Hsu; Bing Hu; Dong Hu; Li-Fang Hu; Ming Chang Hu; Ronggui Hu; Wei Hu; Yu-Chen Hu; Zhuo-Wei Hu; Fang Hua; Jinlian Hua; Yingqi Hua; Chongmin Huan; Canhua Huang; Chuanshu Huang; Chuanxin Huang; Chunling Huang; Haishan Huang; Kun Huang; Michael L. H Huang; Rui Huang; Shan Huang; Tianzhi Huang; Xing Huang; Yuxiang Jack Huang; Tobias B Huber; Virginie Hubert; Christian A Hubner; Stephanie M Hughes; William E Hughes; Magali Humbert; Gerhard Hummer; James H Hurley; Sabah Hussain; Salik Hussain; Patrick J Hussey; Martina Hutabarat; Hui-Yun Hwang; Seungmin Hwang; Antonio Ieni; Fumiyo Ikeda; Yusuke Imagawa; Yuzuru Imai; Carol Imbriano; Masaya Imoto; Denise M Inman; Ken Inoki; Juan Iovanna; Renato Iozzo; Giuseppe Ippolito; Javier E Irazoqui; Pablo Iribarren; Mohd Ishaq; Makoto Ishikawa; Nestor Ishimwe; Ciro Isidoro; Nahed Ismail; Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas; Eisuke Itakura; Daisuke Ito; Davor Ivankovic; Saska Ivanova; Anand Krishnan Iyer; Jose M Izquierdo; Masanori Izumi; Marja Jaattela; Majid Sakhi Jabir; William T Jackson; Nadia Jacobo-Herrera; Anne-Claire Jacomin; Elise Jacquin; Pooja Jadiya; Hartmut Jaeschke; Chinnaswamy Jagannath; Arjen J Jakobi; Johan Jakobsson; Bassam Janji; Pidder JansenDurr; Patric J Jansson; Jonathan Jantsch; Alagie Jassey; Steve Jean; Helene JeltschDavid; Pavla Jendelova; Andreas Jenny; Thomas E Jensen; Niels Jessen; Jenna L Jewell; Jing Ji; Lijun Jia; Rui Jia; Liwen Jiang; Qing Jiang; Richeng Jiang; Teng Jiang; Xuejun Jiang; Yu Jiang; Maria Jimenez-Sanchez; Eun-Jung Jin; Fengyan Jin; Hongchuan Jin; Li Jin; Luqi Jin; Meiyan Jin; Si Jin; Eun-Kyeong Jo; Carine Joffre; Terje Johansen; Gail V. W Johnson; Simon A Johnston; Eija Jokitalo; Mohit Kumar Jolly; Leo A. B Joosten; Joaquin Jordan; Bertrand Joseph; Dianwen Ju; Jeong-Sun Ju; Jingfang Ju; Esmeralda Juarez; Delphine Judith; Gabor Juhasz; Youngsoo Jun; Chang Hwa Jung; SungChul Jung; Yong Keun Jung; Heinz Jungbluth; Johannes Jungverdorben; Steffen Just; Kai Kaarniranta; Allen Kaasik; Tomohiro Kabuta; Daniel Kaganovich; Alon Kahana; Renate Kain; Shinjo Kajimura; Maria Kalamvoki; Manjula Kalia; Danuta S Kalinowski; Nina Kaludercic; Ioanna Kalvari; Joanna Kaminska; Vitaliy O Kaminskyy; Hiromitsu Kanamori; Keizo Kanasaki; Chanhee Kang; Rui Kang; Sang Sun Kang; Senthilvelrajan Kaniyappan; Tomotake Kanki; Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti; Anumantha G Kanthasamy; Arthi Kanthasamy; Marc Kantorow; Orsolya Kapuy; Michalis Karamouzis; Md Razaul Karim; Parimal Karmakar; Rajesh G Katare; Masaru Kato; Stefan H. E Kaufmann; Anu Kauppinen; Gur P Kaushal; Susmita Kaushik; Kiyoshi Kawasaki; Kemal Kazan; Po-Yuan Ke; Damien J Keating; Ursula Keber; John H Kehrl; Kate E Keller; Christian W Keller; Jongsook Kim Kemper; Candia M Kenific; Oliver Kepp; Stephanie Kermorgant; Andreas Kern; Robin Ketteler; Tom G Keulers; Boris Khalfin; Hany Khalil; Bilon Khambu; Shahid Y Khan; Vinoth Kumar Megraj Khandelwal; Rekha Khandia; Widuri Kho; Noopur Khobrekar; Sataree Khuansuwan; Mukhran Khundadze; Samuel A Killackey; Dasol Kim; Deok Ryong Kim; Do-Hyung Kim; Dong-Eun Kim; Eun Young Kim; Eun-Kyoung Kim; HakRim Kim; Hee-Sik Kim; Hyung-Ryong Kim; Jeong Hun Kim; Jin Kyung Kim; Jin-Hoi Kim; Joungmok Kim; Ju Hwan Kim; Keun Il Kim; Peter K Kim; Seong-Jun Kim; Scot R Kimball; Adi Kimchi; Alec C Kimmelman; Tomonori Kimura; Matthew A King; Kerri J Kinghorn; Conan G Kinsey; Vladimir Kirkin; Lorrie A Kirshenbaum; Sergey L Kiselev; Shuji Kishi; Katsuhiko Kitamoto; Yasushi Kitaoka; Kaio Kitazato; Richard N Kitsis; Josef T Kittler; Ole Kjaerulff; Peter S Klein; Thomas Klopstock; Jochen Klucken; Helene Knovelsrud; Roland L Knorr; Ben C. B Ko; Fred Ko; JiunnLiang Ko; Hotaka Kobayashi; Satoru Kobayashi; Ina Koch; Jan C Koch; Ulrich Koenig; Donat Kogel; Young Ho Koh; Masato Koike; Sepp D Kohlwein; Nur M Kocaturk; Masaaki Komatsu; Jeannette Konig; Toru Kono; Benjamin T Kopp; Tamas Korcsmaros; Gozde Korkmaz; Viktor Korolchuk; Monica Suarez Korsnes; Ali Koskela; Janaiah Kota; Yaichiro Kotake; Monica L Kotler; Yanjun Kou; Michael Koukourakis; Evangelos Koustas; Attila L Kovacs; Tibor Kovacs; Daisuke Koya; Tomohiro Kozako; Claudine Kraft; Dimitri Krainc; Helmut Kramer; Anna D Krasnodembskaya; Carole Kretz-Remy; Guido Kroemer; Nicholas T Ktistakis; Kazuyuki Kuchitsu; Sabine Kuenen; Lars Kuerschner; Thomas Kukar; Ajay Kumar; Ashok Kumar; Deepak Kumar; Dhiraj Kumar; Sharad Kumar; Shinji Kume; Caroline Kumsta; Chanakya N Kundu; Mondira Kundu; Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara; Lukasz Kurgan; Tatiana G Kutateladze; Ozlem Kutlu; SeongAe Kwak; Ho Jeong Kwon; Taeg Kyu Kwon; Yong Tae Kwon; Irene Kyrmizi; Albert La Spada; Patrick Labonte; Sylvain Ladoire; Ilaria Laface; Frank Lafont; Diane C Lagace; Vikramjit Lahiri; Zhibing Lai; Angela S Laird; Aparna Lakkaraju; Trond Lamark; Sheng-Hui Lan; Ane Landajuela; Darius J. R Lane; Jon D Lane; Charles H Lang; Carsten Lange; Rupert Langer; Pierre Lapaquette; Jocelyn Laporte; Nicholas F LaRusso; Isabel Lastres-Becker; Wilson Chun Yu Lau; Gordon W Laurie; Sergio Lavandero; Betty Yuen Kwan Law; Helen Ka-wai Law; Rob Layfield; Weidong Le; Herve Le Stunff; Alexandre Y Leary; Jean-Jacques Lebrun; Lionel Y. 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doi:10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280

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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

Daniel J Klionsky, Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz, Sara Abdelfatah, Mahmoud Abdellatif, Asghar Abdoli, Steffen Abel, Hagai Abeliovich, Marie H Abildgaard, Yakubu Princely Abudu, Abraham Acevedo-Arozena, …

2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280

PMID: 33634751

Abstract

ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE

AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS

Autophagosome

Biology and Life Sciences

BREAST-CANCER CELLS

cancer

CELL-DEATH

CHAPERONE-MEDIATED AUTOPHAGY

ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS

flux

GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION

LC3

LIFE-SPAN EXTENSION

lysosome

macroautophagy

Medicine and Health Sciences

neurodegeneration

NF-KAPPA-B

phagophore

PROGRAMMED

STARVATION-INDUCED AUTOPHAGY

vacuole

Stress

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This output has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:

#9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

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Title: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)
Creators: Daniel J Klionsky
Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz
Sara Abdelfatah
Mahmoud Abdellatif
Asghar Abdoli
Steffen Abel
Hagai Abeliovich
Marie H Abildgaard
Yakubu Princely Abudu
Abraham Acevedo-Arozena
Iannis E Adamopoulos
Khosrow Adeli
Timon E Adolph
Annagrazia Adornetto
Elma Aflaki
Galila Agam
Anupam Agarwal
Bharat B Aggarwal
Maria Agnello
Patrizia Agostinis
Javed N Agrewala
Alexander Agrotis
Patricia Aguilar
S. Tariq Ahmad
Zubair M Ahmed
Ulises Ahumada-Castro
Sonja Aits
Shu Aizawa
Yunus Akkoc
Tonia Akoumianaki
Hafize Aysin Akpinar
Ahmed M Al-Abd
Lina Al-Akra
Abeer Al-Gharaibeh
Moulay A Alaoui-Jamali
Simon Alberti
Elisabet Alcocer-Gomez
Cristiano Alessandri
Muhammad Ali
M. Abdul Alim Al-Bari
Saeb Aliwaini
Javad Alizadeh
Eugenia Almacellas
Alexandru Almasan
Alicia Alonso
Guillermo D Alonso
Nihal Altan-Bonnet
Dario C Altieri
Sara Alves
Cristine Alves da Costa
Mazen M Alzaharna
Marialaura Amadio
Consuelo Amantini
Cristina Amaral
Susanna Ambrosio
Amal O Amer
Veena Ammanathan
Zhenyi An
Stig U Andersen
Shaida A Andrabi
Magaiver Andrade-Silva
Allen M Andres
Sabrina Angelini
David Ann
Uche C Anozie
Mohammad Y Ansari
Pedro Antas
Adam Antebi
Zurine Anton
Tahira Anwar
Lionel Apetoh
Nadezda Apostolova
Toshiyuki Araki
Yasuhiro Araki
Kohei Arasaki
Wagner L Araujo
Jun Araya
Catherine Arden
Maria-Angeles Arevalo
Sandro Arguelles
Esperanza Arias
Jyothi Arikkath
Hirokazu Arimoto
Aileen R Ariosa
Darius Armstrong-James
Laetitia Arnaune-Pelloquin
Angeles Aroca
Daniela S Arroyo
Ivica Arsov
Ruben Artero
Dalia Maria Lucia Asaro
Michael Aschner
Milad Ashrafizadeh
Osnat Ashur-Fabian
Atanas G Atanasov
Alicia K Au
Patrick Auberger
Holger W Auner
Laure Aurelian
Riccardo Autelli
Laura Avagliano
Yenniffer Avalos
Sanja Aveic
Celia Alexandra Aveleira
Tamar AvinWittenberg
Yucel Aydin
Scott Ayton
Srinivas Ayyadevara
Maria Azzopardi
Misuzu Baba
Jonathan M Backer
Steven K Backues
Dong-Hun Bae
Ok-Nam Bae
Soo Han Bae
Eric H Baehrecke
Ahruem Baek
Seung-Hoon Baek
Sung Hee Baek
Giacinto Bagetta
Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
Hua Bai
Jie Bai
Xiyuan Bai
Yidong Bai
Nandadulal Bairagi
Shounak Baksi
Teresa Balbi
Cosima T Baldari
Walter Balduini
Andrea Ballabio
Maria Ballester
Salma Balazadeh
Rena Balzan
Rina Bandopadhyay
Sreeparna Banerjee
Sulagna Banerjee
Yan Bao
Mauricio S Baptista
Alessandra Baracca
Cristiana Barbati
Ariadna Bargiela
Daniela Barila
Peter G Barlow
Sami J Barmada
Esther Barreiro
George E Barreto
Jiri Bartek
Bonnie Bartel
Alberto Bartolome
Gaurav R Barve
Suresh H Basagoudanavar
Diane C Bassham
Robert C. Bast Jr
Alakananda Basu
Henri Batoko
Isabella Batten
Etienne E Baulieu
Bradley L Baumgarner
Jagadeesh Bayry
Rupert Beale
Isabelle Beau
Florian Beaumatin
Luiz R. G Bechara
George R. Beck
Michael F Beers
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Christian Behrends
Georg M. N Behrens
Roberto Bei
Eloy Bejarano
Shai Bel
Christian Behl
Amine Belaid
Naima Belgareh-Touze
Cristina Bellarosa
Francesca Belleudi
Melissa Bello Perez
Raquel Bello-Morales
Jackeline Soares de Oliveira Beltran
Sebastian Beltran
Doris Mangiaracina Benbrook
Mykolas Bendorius
Bruno A Benitez
Irene Benito-Cuesta
Julien Bensalem
Martin W Berchtold
Sabina Berezowska
Daniele Bergamaschi
Matteo Bergami
Andreas Bergmann
Laura Berliocchi
Clarisse Berlioz-Torrent
Amelie Bernard
Lionel Berthoux
Cagri G Besirli
Sebastien Besteiro
Virginie M Betin
Rudi Beyaert
Jelena S Bezbradica
Kiran Bhaskar
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Md Shenuarin Bhuiyan
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Lanrong Bi
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Trevor J Biden
Krikor Bijian
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Nadine Binart
Claudia Bincoletto
Asa B Birgisdottir
Geir Bjorkoy
Gonzalo Blanco
Ana Blas-Garcia
Janusz Blasiak
Robert Blomgran
Klas Blomgren
Janice S Blum
Emilio Boada-Romero
Mirta Boban
Kathleen BoeszeBattaglia
Philippe Boeuf
Barry Boland
Pascale Bomont
Paolo Bonaldo
Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
Laura Bonfili
Juan S Bonifacino
Brian A Boone
Martin D Bootman
Matteo Bordi
Christoph Borner
Beat C Bornhauser
Gautam Borthakur
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Michael E Boulton
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Francois-Xavier Campbell-Valois
Silvia Campello
Ilaria Campesi
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Olivier Camuzard
Jorge Cancino
Danilo Candido de Almeida
Laura Canesi
Isabella Caniggia
Barbara Canonico
Carles Canti
Bin Cao
Michele Caraglia
Beatriz Carames
Evie H Carchman
Elena Cardenal-Munoz
Cesar Cardenas
Luis Cardenas
Sandra M Cardoso
Jennifer S Carew
Georges F Carle
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Didac Carmona-Gutierrez
Leticia A Carneiro
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Alice Carrier
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Bernadette Carroll
A. Brent Carter
Andreia Neves Carvalho
Magali Casanova
Caty Casas
Josefina Casas
Chiara Cassioli
Eliseo F Castillo
Karen Castillo
Sonia Castillo-Lluva
Francesca Castoldi
Marco Castori
Ariel F Castro
Margarida Castro-Caldas
Javier Castro-Hernandez
Susana Castro-Obregon
Sergio D Catz
Claudia Cavadas
Federica Cavaliere
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Maria Cavinato
Maria L Cayuela
Paula Cebollada Rica
Valentina Cecarini
Francesco Cecconi
Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko
Simone Cenci
Victoria Ceperuelo-Mallafre
Joao J Cerqueira
Janete M Cerutti
Davide Cervia
Vildan Bozok Cetintas
Silvia Cetrullo
Han-Jung Chae
Andrei S Chagin
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Gopal Chakrabarti
Oishee Chakrabarti
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Moataz Dowaidar
Sami Dridi
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Ailian Du
Caigan Du
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Jiachun Feng
Lifeng Feng
Yibin Feng
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Boyi Gan
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Wentao Gao
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Veronica E Garcia
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Vega Garcia-Escudero
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Marina Garcia-Macia
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Stephen E Girardin
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Alexander Greenhough
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Carlos M Guardia
Kishore Guda
Flora Guerra
Consuelo Guerri
Prasun Guha
Carlos Guillen
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Anna Gukovskaya
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Jan Gunst
Andreas Gunther
Anyonya R Guntur
Chuanyong Guo
Chun Guo
Hongqing Guo
Lian-Wang Guo
Ming Guo
Pawan Gupta
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Malene Hansen
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Zijian Hao
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Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
Nirmala Hariharan
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Volker Haucke
Wayne D Hawkins
Bruce A Hay
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Thomas S Hays
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Gudmundur Vignir Helgason
Vanessa Henkel
Marc Herb
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Judit Herreros
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Claudio Hetz
Volker T Heussler
Yujiro Higuchi
Sabine Hilfiker
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Mark Hochstrasser
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Chang-Won Hong
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Lora Hooper
Thorsten Hoppe
Rastislav Horos
Yujin Hoshida
I-Lun Hsin
Hsin-Yun Hsu
Bing Hu
Dong Hu
Li-Fang Hu
Ming Chang Hu
Ronggui Hu
Wei Hu
Yu-Chen Hu
Zhuo-Wei Hu
Fang Hua
Jinlian Hua
Yingqi Hua
Chongmin Huan
Canhua Huang
Chuanshu Huang
Chuanxin Huang
Chunling Huang
Haishan Huang
Kun Huang
Michael L. H Huang
Rui Huang
Shan Huang
Tianzhi Huang
Xing Huang
Yuxiang Jack Huang
Tobias B Huber
Virginie Hubert
Christian A Hubner
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Magali Humbert
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Juan Iovanna
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Javier E Irazoqui
Pablo Iribarren
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Ciro Isidoro
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Jing Ji
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Qing Jiang
Richeng Jiang
Teng Jiang
Xuejun Jiang
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Maria Jimenez-Sanchez
Eun-Jung Jin
Fengyan Jin
Hongchuan Jin
Li Jin
Luqi Jin
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Heinz Jungbluth
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Do-Hyung Kim
Dong-Eun Kim
Eun Young Kim
Eun-Kyoung Kim
HakRim Kim
Hee-Sik Kim
Hyung-Ryong Kim
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Tamas Korcsmaros
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Yanjun Kou
Michael Koukourakis
Evangelos Koustas
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Tibor Kovacs
Daisuke Koya
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Anna D Krasnodembskaya
Carole Kretz-Remy
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Nicholas T Ktistakis
Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
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Gordon W Laurie
Sergio Lavandero
Betty Yuen Kwan Law
Helen Ka-wai Law
Rob Layfield
Weidong Le
Herve Le Stunff
Alexandre Y Leary
Jean-Jacques Lebrun
Lionel Y. W Leck
Jean-Philippe Leduc-Gaudet
Changwook Lee
Chung-Pei Lee
Da-Hye Lee
Edward B Lee
Erinna F Lee
Gyun Min Lee
He-Jin Lee
Heung Kyu Lee
Jae Man Lee
Jason S Lee
Jin-A Lee
Joo-Yong Lee
Jun Hee Lee
Michael Lee
Min Goo Lee
Min Jae Lee
Myung-Shik Lee
Sang Yoon Lee
Seung-Jae Lee
Stella Y Lee
Sung Bae Lee
Won Hee Lee
Ying-Ray Lee
Yong-ho Lee
Youngil Lee
Christophe Lefebvre
Renaud Legouis
Yu L Lei
Yuchen Lei
Sergey Leikin
Gerd Leitinger
Leticia Lemus
Shuilong Leng
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Guido Lenz
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Chi-Ting Leung
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Beth Levine
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Klaus Ley
Bin Li
Da-Qiang Li
Jianming Li
Jing Li
Jiong Li
Ke Li
Liwu Li
Mei Li
Min Li
Ming Li
Mingchuan Li
Pin-Lan Li
MingQing Li
Qing Li
Sheng Li
Tiangang Li
Wei Li
Wenming Li
Xue Li
Yi-Ping Li
Yuan Li
Zhiqiang Li
Zhiyong Li
Zhiyuan Li
Jiqin Lian
Chengyu Liang
Qiangrong Liang
Weicheng Liang
Yongheng Liang
YongTian Liang
Guanghong Liao
Lujian Liao
Mingzhi Liao
Yung-Feng Liao
Mariangela Librizzi
Pearl P. Y Lie
Mary A Lilly
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Thania R. R Lima
Federica Limana
Chao Lin
Chih-Wen Lin
Dar-Shong Lin
Fu-Cheng Lin
Jiandie D Lin
Kurt M Lin
Kwang-Huei Lin
Liang-Tzung Lin
Pei-Hui Lin
Qiong Lin
Shaofeng Lin
Su-Ju Lin
Wenyu Lin
Xueying Lin
Yao-Xin Lin
Yee-Shin Lin
Rafael Linden
Paula Lindner
Shuo-Chien Ling
Paul Lingor
Amelia K Linnemann
YihCherng Liou
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Saska Lipovsek
Vitor A Lira
Natalia Lisiak
Paloma B Liton
Chao Liu
Ching-Hsuan Liu
Chun-Feng Liu
Cui Hua Liu
Fang Liu
Hao Liu
Hsiao-Sheng Liu
Hua-feng Liu
Huifang Liu
Jia Liu
Jing Liu
Julia Liu
Leyuan Liu
Longhua Liu
Meilian Liu
Qin Liu
Wei Liu
Wende Liu
Xiao-Hong Liu
Xiaodong Liu
Xingguo Liu
Xu Liu
Xuedong Liu
Yanfen Liu
Yang Liu
Yueyang Liu
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Jose M Lizcano
Senka Ljubojevic-Holzer
Matilde E LLeonart
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Alicia Llorente
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Ben Loos
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Guillermo Lopez-Domenech
Jose Antonio Lopez-Guerrero
Ana T Lopez-Jimenez
Israel Lopez-Valero
Magdalena J Lorenowicz
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Sophie Lotersztajn
Penny E Lovat
Jonathan F Lovell
Alenka Lovy
Guang Lu
Haocheng Lu
Jia-Hong Lu
Jin-Jian Lu
Mengji Lu
Shuyan Lu
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Paula Ludovico
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Morten Luhr
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Julian J Lum
Liany Luna-Dulcey
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Patrick Luningschror
Honglin Luo
Rongcan Luo
Shouqing Luo
Zhi Luo
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Bernhard Luscher
Luan Luu
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Konstantin G Lyamzaev
Alf Hakon Lystad
Lyubomyr Lytvynchuk
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Mengxiao Ma
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Yueyun Ma
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Julio Madrigal-Matute
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Marta Magarinos
Poornima Mahavadi
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Panchanan Maiti
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Barbara Majello
Michael B Major
Elena Makareeva
Fayaz Malik
Karthik Mallilankaraman
Walter Malorni
Alina Maloyan
Najiba Mammadova
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Michael A Mandell
Angelo A Manfredi
Masoud H Manjili
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Patricio Manque
Bella B Manshian
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Claudia Manzoni
Kai Mao
Cinzia Marchese
Sandrine Marchetti
Anna Maria Marconi
Fabrizio Marcucci
Stefania Mardente
Olga A Mareninova
Marta Margeta
Muriel Mari
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Guillermo Marino
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Mark R Marten
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Sara Martin
Shaun Martin
Adrian Martin-Segura
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Inmaculada Martin-Burriel
Marcos Martin-Rincon
Paloma Martin-Sanz
Jose A Martina
Wim Martinet
Aitor Martinez
Ana Martinez
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Moises Martinez Velazquez
Nuria Martinez-Lopez
Marta Martinez-Vicente
Daniel O Martins
Ulo Lange
Oscar Lopez-Perez
Joilson O Martins
Waleska K Martins
Tania Martins-Marques
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Shashank Masaldan
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Douglas G Mashek
Valentina Massa
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Anatoliy Masyuk
Tetyana Masyuk
Paola Matarrese
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Satoaki Matoba
Sachiko Matsuzaki
Pamela Mattar
Alessandro Matte
Domenico Mattoscio
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Mario Mauthe
Caroline Mauvezin
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Paola Maycotte
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Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
Cristina Mazzoni
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Mitchell R McGill
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BethAnn McLaughlin
Fionn McLoughlin
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Tania Catarina Medeiros
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Manoj B Menon
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Adalberto Merighi
Seth D Merkley
Giuseppe Merla
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Ana Cecilia Mestre
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Christian Meyer
Hemmo Meyer
Wenyi Mi
Jeanne Mialet-Perez
Junying Miao
Lucia Micale
Yasuo Miki
Enrico Milan
Dana L Miller
Samuel Miller
Silke Miller
Steven W Millward
Ira Milosevic
Elena A Minina
Hamed Mirzaei
Hamid Reza Mirzaei
Mehdi Mirzaei
Amit Mishra
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Paras Kumar Mishra
Maja Misirkic Marjanovic
Roberta Misasi
Amit Misra
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Shigeki Miyamoto
Makoto Miyazaki
Mitsunori Miyazaki
Taiga Miyazaki
Keisuke Miyazawa
Noboru Mizushima
Trine H Mogensen
Baharia Mograbi
Reza Mohammadinejad
Yasir Mohamud
Abhishek Mohanty
Sipra Mohapatra
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Paula Moreira
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Naima Moustaid-Moussa
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Gabriel MucinoHernandez
Anupam Mukherjee
Subhadip Mukhopadhyay
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Teresa Munoz-Galdeano
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Claudia Muratori
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Jennifer Mytych
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Aimable Nahimana
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Seungwon Yang
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Wei Yuan Yang
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Xiaoyan Zhang
Xin Zhang
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Yang Zhang
Yanjin Zhang
Yi Zhang
Ying-Dong Zhang
Yingmei Zhang
Yuan-Yuan Zhang
Yuchen Zhang
Zhe Zhang
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Zhibing Zhang
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Yongliang Zhao
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Ling Zheng
Shizhong Zheng
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Qing Zhong
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Cefan Zhou
Gang Zhou
Hao Zhou
Hong Zhou
Hongbo Zhou
Jie Zhou
Jing Zhou
Jiyong Zhou
Kailiang Zhou
Rongjia Zhou
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Yanshuang Zhou
Yinghong Zhou
Yubin Zhou
Zheng-Yu Zhou
Zhou Zhou
Binglin Zhu
Changlian Zhu
Guo-Qing Zhu
Haining Zhu
Hongxin Zhu
Hua Zhu
WeiGuo Zhu
Yanping Zhu
Yushan Zhu
Haixia Zhuang
Xiaohong Zhuang
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Elena Ziviani
Teresa Zoladek
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Zuguo Li
Yong Lin
Shigeru Oshima
Yueguang Rong
Judith C Sluimer
Christina L Stallings
Chun-Kit Tong
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Identifiers: 9924050511601921
Academic Unit: Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center; Department of Biology
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

Abstract

UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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