Abstract
Although the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) among young children has grown, it has been noted that affected
low-income children and children from ethnic and racial minority families are less likely to be diagnosed with ASD and to receive
services. To help address such disparities, the Autism Division of the Massachusetts Department of Developmental Services instituted an Autism Waiver Program funded jointly by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the U.S. federal government. The
program was designed to help low-income children with autism under age nine from diverse cultural backgrounds gain access to
therapeutic supports. The program used a participant (parent)-directed model to help families to choose and manage services, staff,
and their own budget. The authors detail a study that was designed to evaluate the costs and factors contributing to “successful
operations.” The authors gathered data from a focus group, reviewed cost data, and conducted individual qualitative interviews with
staff involved in the coordination, delivery, and reimbursement of the program’s services. They found that factors that contributed
to successful operations included educated/trained families, skilled in-home therapists, clear communication with families and
among staff, good information systems, and participation of families in “carryover” of interventions. Families varied in their capacities and time to choose and manage services, but staff adjusted their levels of assistance to compensate. Of the total program budget,
individual budgets comprised 82% and administrative costs comprised 18% of the expenses. Program staff were generally satisfied
with the structure and operation of the program. Areas for improvement included simplifying record keeping, payments with
online systems, and developing approaches to strengthen carryover.