Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole

G. F. Paraschos; J.-Y. Kim; M. Wielgus; J. Röder; T. P. Krichbaum; E. Ros; I. Agudo; I. Myserlis; M. Moscibrodzka; E. Traianou; J. A. Zensus; L. Blackburn; C.-K. Chan; S. Issaoun; M. Janssen; M. D. Johnson; V. L. Fish; K. Akiyama; A. Alberdi; W. Alef; J. C. Algaba; R. Anantua; K. Asada; R. Azulay; U. Bach; A.-K. Baczko; D. Ball; M. Baloković; J. Barrett; M. Bauböck; B. A. Benson; D. Bintley; R. Blundell; K. L. Bouman; G. C. Bower; H. Boyce; M. Bremer; C. D. Brinkerink; R. Brissenden; S. Britzen; A. E. Broderick; D. Broguiere; T. Bronzwaer; S. Bustamante; D.-Y. Byun; J. E. Carlstrom; C. Ceccobello; A. Chael; D. O. Chang; K. Chatterjee; S. Chatterjee; M. T. Chen; Y. Chen; X. Cheng; I. Cho; P. Christian; N. S. Conroy; J. E. Conway; J. M. Cordes; T. M. Crawford; G. B. Crew; A. Cruz-Osorio; Y. Cui; R. Dahale; J. Davelaar; M. De Laurentis; R. Deane; J. Dempsey; G. Desvignes; J. Dexter; V. Dhruv; S. S. Doeleman; S. Dougal; S. A. Dzib; R. P. Eatough; R. Emami; H. Falcke; J. Farah; E. Fomalont; H. A. Ford; M. Foschi; R. Fraga-Encinas; W. T. Freeman; P. Friberg; C. M. Fromm; A. Fuentes; P. Galison; C. F. Gammie; R. García; O. Gentaz; B. Georgiev; C. Goddi; R. Gold; A. I. Gómez-Ruiz; J. L. Gómez; M. Gu; M. Gurwell; K. Hada; D. Haggard; K. Haworth; M. H. Hecht; R. Hesper; D. Heumann; L. C. Ho; P. Ho; M. Honma; C. L. Huang; L. Huang; D. H. Hughes; S. Ikeda; C. M. V. Impellizzeri; M. Inoue; D. J. James; B. T. Jannuzi; B. Jeter; W. Jaing; A. Jiménez-Rosales; S. Jorstad; A. V. Joshi; T. Jung; M. Karami; R. Karuppusamy; T. Kawashima; G. K. Keating; M. Kettenis; D.-J. Kim; J. Kim; M. Kino; J. Y. Koay; P. Kocherlakota; Y. Kofuji; P. M. Koch; S. Koyama; C. Kramer; J. A. Kramer; M. Kramer; C.-Y. Kuo; N. La Bella; T. R. Lauer; D. Lee; S.-S. Lee; P. K. Leung; A. Levis; Z. Li; R. Lico; G. Lindahl; M. Lindqvist; M. Lisakov; J. Liu; K. Liu; E. Liuzzo; W.-P. Lo; A. P. Lobanov; L. Loinard; C. J. Lonsdale; A. E. Lowitz; R.-S. Lu; N. R. MacDonald; J. Mao; N. Marchili; S. Markoff; D. P. Marrone; A. P. Marscher; I. Martí-Vidal; S. Matsushita; L. D. Matthews; L. Medeiros; K. M. Menten; D. Michalik; I. Mizuno; Y. Mizuno; J. M. Moran; K. Moriyama; W. Mulaudzi; C. Müller; H. Müller; A. Mus; G. Musoke; A. Nadolski; H. Nagai; N. M. Nagar; M. Nakamura; G. Narayanan; I. Natarajan; A. Nathanail; S. Navarro Fuentes; J. Neilsen; R. Neri; C. Ni; A. Noutsos; M. A. Nowak; J. Oh; H. Okino; H. Olivares; G. N. Ortiz-León; T. Oyama; F. Özel; D. C. M. Palumbo; J. Park; H. Parsons; N. Patel; U.-L. Pen; V. Piétu; R. Plambeck; A. PopStefanija; O. Porth; F. M. Pötzl; B. Prather; J. A. Preciado-López; D. Psaltis; H.-Y. Pu; V. Ramakrishnan; R. Rao; M. G. Rawlings; A. W. Raymond; L. Rezzolla; A. Ricarte; B. Ripperda; F. Roelofs; A. Rogers; C. Romero-Cañizales; A. Roshanineshat; H. Rottmann; A. L. Roy; I. Ruiz; C. Ruszczyk; K. L. J. Rygl; S. Sánchez; D. Sánchez-Argüelles; M. Sánchez-Portal; M. Sasada; K. Satapathy; T. Savolainen; F. P. Schloerb; J. Schonfeld; K. Schuster; L. Shao; Z. Shen; D. Small; B. W. Sohn; J. SooHoo; L. D. Sosapanta Salas; K. Souccar; H. Sun; F. Tazaki; A. J. Tetarenko; P. Tiede; R. P. J. Tilanus; M. Titus; P. Torne; T. Toscano; T. Trent; S. Trippe; M. Turk; I. van Bemmel; H. J. van Langevelde; D. R. van Rossum; J. Vos; J. Wagner; D. Ward-Thompson; J. Wardle; J. E. Washington; J. Weintroub; R. Wharton; K. Wiik; G. Witzel; M. F. Wondrak; G. N. Wong; Q. Wu; N. Yadlapalli; P. Yamaguchi; A. Yfantis; D. Yoon; A. Young; K. Young; Z. Younsi; W. Yu; F. Yuan; Y.-F. Yuan; S. Zhang; G. Y. Zhao; S.-S. Zhao

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348308

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Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole

Journal article

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Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole

G. F. Paraschos, J.-Y. Kim, M. Wielgus, J. Röder, T. P. Krichbaum, E. Ros, I. Agudo, I. Myserlis, M. Moscibrodzka, E. Traianou, …

Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin), Vol.682, p.L3

02/2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348308

Abstract

Context. 3C 84 is a nearby radio source with a complex total intensity structure, showing linear polarisation and spectral patterns. A detailed investigation of the central engine region necessitates the use of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) above the hitherto available maximum frequency of 86 GHz. Aims. Using ultrahigh resolution VLBI observations at the currently highest available frequency of 228 GHz, we aim to perform a direct detection of compact structures and understand the physical conditions in the compact region of 3C 84. Methods. We used Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 228 GHz observations and, given the limited ( u , v )-coverage, applied geometric model fitting to the data. Furthermore, we employed quasi-simultaneously observed, ancillary multi-frequency VLBI data for the source in order to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the core structure. Results. We report the detection of a highly ordered, strong magnetic field around the central, supermassive black hole of 3C 84. The brightness temperature analysis suggests that the system is in equipartition. We also determined a turnover frequency of ν m = (113 ± 4) GHz, a corresponding synchrotron self-absorbed magnetic field of B SSA = (2.9 ± 1.6) G, and an equipartition magnetic field of B eq = (5.2 ± 0.6) G. Three components are resolved with the highest fractional polarisation detected for this object ( m net = (17.0 ± 3.9)%). The positions of the components are compatible with those seen in low-frequency VLBI observations since 2017–2018. We report a steeply negative slope of the spectrum at 228 GHz. We used these findings to test existing models of jet formation, propagation, and Faraday rotation in 3C 84. Conclusions. The findings of our investigation into different flow geometries and black hole spins support an advection-dominated accretion flow in a magnetically arrested state around a rapidly rotating supermassive black hole as a model of the jet-launching system in the core of 3C 84. However, systematic uncertainties due to the limited ( u , v )-coverage, however, cannot be ignored. Our upcoming work using new EHT data, which offer full imaging capabilities, will shed more light on the compact region of 3C 84.

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Title: Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole
Creators: G. F. Paraschos - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
J.-Y. Kim - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
M. Wielgus - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
J. Röder - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
T. P. Krichbaum - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
E. Ros - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
I. Agudo - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
I. Myserlis - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
M. Moscibrodzka - Radboud University Nijmegen
E. Traianou - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
J. A. Zensus - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
L. Blackburn - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
C.-K. Chan - University of Arizona
S. Issaoun - Albert Einstein College of Medicine
M. Janssen - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
M. D. Johnson - Harvard University
V. L. Fish - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
K. Akiyama - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
A. Alberdi - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
W. Alef - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
J. C. Algaba - University of Malaya
R. Anantua - The University of Texas at San Antonio
K. Asada - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
R. Azulay - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
U. Bach - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
A.-K. Baczko - Chalmers University of Technology
D. Ball - University of Arizona
M. Baloković - Yale University
J. Barrett - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
M. Bauböck - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
B. A. Benson - University of Chicago
D. Bintley - East Asian Observatory
R. Blundell - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
K. L. Bouman - California Institute of Technology
G. C. Bower - University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
H. Boyce - McGill University
M. Bremer - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
C. D. Brinkerink - Radboud University Nijmegen
R. Brissenden - Woodwell Climate Research Center
S. Britzen - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
A. E. Broderick - Perimeter Institute
D. Broguiere - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
T. Bronzwaer - Radboud University Nijmegen
S. Bustamante - University of Massachusetts Amherst
D.-Y. Byun - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
J. E. Carlstrom - University of Chicago
C. Ceccobello - Chalmers University of Technology
A. Chael - Princeton University
D. O. Chang - Harvard University
K. Chatterjee - Woodwell Climate Research Center
S. Chatterjee - Cornell University
M. T. Chen
Y. Chen - Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
X. Cheng - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
I. Cho - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
P. Christian - Fairfield University
N. S. Conroy - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
J. E. Conway - Chalmers University of Technology
J. M. Cordes - Cornell University
T. M. Crawford - University of Chicago
G. B. Crew - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
A. Cruz-Osorio - Goethe University Frankfurt
Y. Cui - Shanghai Jiao Tong University
R. Dahale - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
J. Davelaar - Columbia University
M. De Laurentis - University of Naples Federico II
R. Deane - University of the Witwatersrand
J. Dempsey - East Asian Observatory
G. Desvignes - Observatoire de Paris
J. Dexter - Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics
V. Dhruv - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
S. S. Doeleman - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
S. Dougal - University of Arizona
S. A. Dzib - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
R. P. Eatough - National Astronomical Observatories
R. Emami - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
H. Falcke - Radboud University Nijmegen
J. Farah - Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
E. Fomalont - National Radio Astronomy Observatory
H. A. Ford - University of Arizona
M. Foschi - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
R. Fraga-Encinas - Radboud University Nijmegen
W. T. Freeman - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
P. Friberg - East Asian Observatory
C. M. Fromm - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
A. Fuentes - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
P. Galison - Harvard University
C. F. Gammie - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
R. García
O. Gentaz - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
B. Georgiev - Perimeter Institute
C. Goddi - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari
R. Gold - University of Southern Denmark
A. I. Gómez-Ruiz - National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics
J. L. Gómez - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
M. Gu - Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
M. Gurwell - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
K. Hada - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
D. Haggard - McGill University
K. Haworth - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
M. H. Hecht - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
R. Hesper - University of Groningen
D. Heumann - University of Arizona
L. C. Ho - Peking University
P. Ho
M. Honma - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
C. L. Huang
L. Huang - Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
D. H. Hughes - National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics
S. Ikeda - The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI
C. M. V. Impellizzeri - Leiden University
M. Inoue - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
D. J. James - Whale Center of New England
B. T. Jannuzi - University of Arizona
B. Jeter - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
W. Jaing - Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
A. Jiménez-Rosales - Radboud University Nijmegen
S. Jorstad - Boston University
A. V. Joshi - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
T. Jung - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
M. Karami - Perimeter Institute
R. Karuppusamy - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
T. Kawashima - The University of Tokyo
G. K. Keating - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
M. Kettenis - Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC
D.-J. Kim - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
J. Kim - California Institute of Technology
M. Kino - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
J. Y. Koay - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
P. Kocherlakota - Goethe University Frankfurt
Y. Kofuji - The University of Tokyo
P. M. Koch - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
S. Koyama - Niigata University
C. Kramer - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
J. A. Kramer - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
M. Kramer - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
C.-Y. Kuo - National Sun Yat-sen University
N. La Bella - Radboud University Nijmegen
T. R. Lauer - Kitt Peak National Observatory
D. Lee - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
S.-S. Lee - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
P. K. Leung - Chinese University of Hong Kong
A. Levis - California Institute of Technology
Z. Li - Nanjing University
R. Lico - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
G. Lindahl - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
M. Lindqvist - Chalmers University of Technology
M. Lisakov - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
J. Liu - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
K. Liu - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
E. Liuzzo - Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
W.-P. Lo - National Taiwan University
A. P. Lobanov - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
L. Loinard - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
C. J. Lonsdale - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
A. E. Lowitz - University of Arizona
R.-S. Lu - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
N. R. MacDonald - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
J. Mao - Chinese Academy of Sciences
N. Marchili - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
S. Markoff - University of Amsterdam
D. P. Marrone - University of Arizona
A. P. Marscher - Boston University
I. Martí-Vidal - Parc Científic de la Universitat de València
S. Matsushita - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
L. D. Matthews - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
L. Medeiros - Albert Einstein College of Medicine
K. M. Menten - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
D. Michalik - University of Chicago
I. Mizuno - East Asian Observatory
Y. Mizuno - Shanghai Jiao Tong University
J. M. Moran - Harvard University
K. Moriyama - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
W. Mulaudzi - The Netherlands Cancer Institute
C. Müller - Radboud University Nijmegen
H. Müller - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
A. Mus - Universitat de València
G. Musoke - University of Amsterdam
A. Nadolski - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
H. Nagai - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
N. M. Nagar - University of Concepción
M. Nakamura
G. Narayanan - University of Massachusetts Amherst
I. Natarajan - Harvard University
A. Nathanail - Goethe University Frankfurt
S. Navarro Fuentes
J. Neilsen - Villanova University
R. Neri - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
C. Ni - Perimeter Institute
A. Noutsos - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
M. A. Nowak - Washington University in St. Louis
J. Oh - Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC
H. Okino - The University of Tokyo
H. Olivares - Radboud University Nijmegen
G. N. Ortiz-León - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
T. Oyama - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
F. Özel - Georgia Institute of Technology
D. C. M. Palumbo - Woodwell Climate Research Center
J. Park - Kyung Hee University
H. Parsons - East Asian Observatory
N. Patel - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
U.-L. Pen - Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics
V. Piétu - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
R. Plambeck - University of California, Berkeley
A. PopStefanija - University of Massachusetts Amherst
O. Porth - University of Amsterdam
F. M. Pötzl - Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas
B. Prather - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
J. A. Preciado-López - Perimeter Institute
D. Psaltis - Georgia Institute of Technology
H.-Y. Pu - National Taiwan Normal University
V. Ramakrishnan - Turku Centre for Computer Science
R. Rao - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
M. G. Rawlings - Gemini North Observatory
A. W. Raymond - Harvard University
L. Rezzolla - Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies
A. Ricarte - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
B. Ripperda - Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics
F. Roelofs - Harvard University
A. Rogers
C. Romero-Cañizales - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
A. Roshanineshat - University of Arizona
H. Rottmann - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
A. L. Roy - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
I. Ruiz - Instituto de Radioastronomía Milimétrica
C. Ruszczyk - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
K. L. J. Rygl - Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
S. Sánchez - Instituto de Radioastronomía Milimétrica
D. Sánchez-Argüelles - National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics
M. Sánchez-Portal
M. Sasada - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
K. Satapathy - University of Arizona
T. Savolainen - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
F. P. Schloerb - University of Massachusetts Amherst
J. Schonfeld - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
K. Schuster - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
L. Shao - Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences
Z. Shen - Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
D. Small - Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC
B. W. Sohn - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
J. SooHoo - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
L. D. Sosapanta Salas
K. Souccar - University of Massachusetts Amherst
H. Sun - Peking University
F. Tazaki - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
A. J. Tetarenko - University of Lethbridge
P. Tiede - Harvard University
R. P. J. Tilanus - Dutch Research Council
M. Titus - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
P. Torne - Instituto de Radioastronomía Milimétrica
T. Toscano - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
T. Trent - University of Arizona
S. Trippe - Seoul National University
M. Turk - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
I. van Bemmel - Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC
H. J. van Langevelde - Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC
D. R. van Rossum - Radboud University Nijmegen
J. Vos - Radboud University Nijmegen
J. Wagner - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
D. Ward-Thompson - University of Central Lancashire
J. Wardle
J. E. Washington - University of Arizona
J. Weintroub - Harvard University
R. Wharton - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
K. Wiik - University of Turku
G. Witzel - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
M. F. Wondrak - Radboud University Nijmegen
G. N. Wong - Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
Q. Wu - Huazhong University of Science and Technology
N. Yadlapalli - California Institute of Technology
P. Yamaguchi - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
A. Yfantis - Radboud University Nijmegen
D. Yoon - University of Amsterdam
A. Young - Radboud University Nijmegen
K. Young - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Z. Younsi - Goethe University Frankfurt
W. Yu - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
F. Yuan - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Y.-F. Yuan - University of Science and Technology of China
S. Zhang - Michigan State University
G. Y. Zhao - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
S.-S. Zhao - Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Publication Details: Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin), Vol.682, p.L3
Identifiers: 9924329786201921
Academic Unit: Martin A. Fisher School of Physics
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole

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