Abstract
A transcript of an interview with Florence Ndepele Mwachande Mumba by Susana SáCouto. The interview took place on May 25, 2016 in Washington, D.C., and the transcript, which is represented here, has been reviewed and edited from the original audio version. During the interview, Mumba reminisces on time as a student and young lawyer before being elected as the first female judge at the Zambian High Court in 1980; her role in proposing rape as a war crime and as a crime against humanity in the statute of the ICTR in 1993, and tackling issues pertaining to rape as a formal crime in the first case she presided, the Furundžija case. Mumba also discusses the higher standards for international criminal responsibility in international law; the issues faced by the Witness Unit in convincing women to testify who were frightened by the stigma of rape; the determination that womeon who were labeled "girlfriends" by the accused were not capable of voluntarily acting due to the situation of duress; the exemplified principles of Command Responsibility as seen in the Kubura and Hadžihasanović cases, and the legacy of the Tribunals in demonstrating that political power for elected officials is not absolute and will not go unpunished.