Abstract
For centuries, researchers have shared and discussed their findings in articles and convenings, seeking to advance scientific progress and enable scrutiny of their ideas. These practices are rooted in the principle of transparency in research, which promotes rigor and trust in the scientific process, increases the potential for equitable access and collaboration, and accelerates the pace of discovery and society impact. Today, the equivalent practice of open science (or scholarship) recognizes that a more complete suite of research outputs should be made publicly accessible whenever possible. Indeed, our global challenges and the drive to increase equity in access to knowledge urgently depend on the accessibility of data and associated documentation (e.g., provenance, metadata, software code, methodological detail) as the foundational building block to addressing urgent societal problems through the collaborative initiatives of researchers, professional societies, government agencies, private foundations, and international institutions.