Abstract
hilst there is currently much guidance available on how to manage marine protected areas (MPAs),
there is less guidance available that considers MPAs from a governance perspective. This perspective
poses a key question – how do we combine top-down, bottom-up and market approaches for reaching
and implementing decisions in order to achieve effective and equitable MPAs? It is widely accepted that
all three approaches are important, but how might they be combined in different MPA contexts?